Viola stipularis

Viola stipularis, is a species of violet that grows in southern Central America, some Caribbean islands and northern South America; from Costa Rica and Guadeloupe south to Peru.[1]

Viola stipularis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Violaceae
Genus: Viola
Species:
V. stipularis
Binomial name
Viola stipularis
Synonyms
  • Ionidium stipulare (Sw.) Schult.
  • Viola begoniifolia Benth.
  • Viola callosa Benth.
  • Viola obliquifolia Turcz.

Description
Viola stipularis at Guadeloupe.

Herb 20–30 cm tall, spreading by creeping rhizomes.[2][3][4] Petioles up to 8 mm long, surrounded by fringed triangular stipules up to 2 cm long.[3][4] Leaves elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic,up to 9.5 cm long and 3.4 cm wide, margin serrate or crenate, sometimes dentate, apex acuminate, base cuneate.[2][3][4] Flowers with thin pedicels up to 6 cm long, petals pinkish, lavender or bluish-white, blue-veined; lower petal obovate, the upper ones oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic; up to 9 mm long and 4.5 mm wide; all petals with rounded apex; spur ca 1 mm long; anthers and ovary about almost 2 cm long.[2][3][4] Fruit, an ellipsoid capsule 6–7 mm long containing seeds ca 1 mm long.[4]

Distribution and habitat

Costa Rica, Panama, Lesser Antilles and northern South America south to Peru, in forested hills and montane forests between (150-) 840–3400 m.[1][3][4]

Ecology

V. stipularis can be found in open areas or near summits.[2] It is a colonizer of disturbed habitats such as volcanic debris, and natural or human-caused landslides.[5][6]

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References
  1. "Tropicos | Name - !Viola stipularis Sw". www.tropicos.org. Retrieved 2016-01-17.
  2. Nicolson, D.H.; DeFilipps, R.; Nicolson, A.; et al. (1991). "Flora of Dominica, Part 2: Dicotyledoneae". Smithsonian Contributions to Botany. no.77: 228. ISSN 0081-024X.
  3. Francis, Macbride, J. (1941). "Flora of Peru /". Fieldiana. v.13:pt.4:no.1 (1941) [Elatinaceae]: 79.
  4. Woodson Jr., R.; Schery, R. W.; et al. (1967). "Flora of Panama. Part VI". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Missouri Botanical Garden. 54 (1): 82. doi:10.2307/2394885.
  5. Howard, R. A.; Portecop, J.; De Montaignac, P. (1980). "The post-eruptive vegetation of La Soufrière, Guadeloupe, 1977–1979". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 61 (4): 762.
  6. Lozano, P.; Bussmann, R. W.; Küppers, M. (2007). "A checklist of pioneer plant regeneration on natural and anthropogenic landslides on the eastern side of Podocarpus National Park -Southern Ecuador". Redesma. 1 (2).
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