Vice President of Iraq

Iraq has had three vice presidents or deputy presidents serving concurrently.[2]

Vice President of Republic of Iraq
Official emblem
Incumbent Vacant since 2 October 2018
Style	His Excellency
Appointer	Parliamentary vote on the names submitted by the President[1]
Term length	Four years
Formation	14 July 1958 10 October 2016 (restored)
Salary	122,400 USD annually[2]

The office of Vice-President was historically largely ceremonial but prestigious. In post-war Iraq, the Constitution of Iraq, in its "Transitional Guidelines," creates a three-member Presidency (or Presidential) Council, consisting of the President of the Republic and two deputy presidents, who must act in unison. The Presidency Council had three members to accommodate Iraq's three largest groups: Sunni Muslim Arabs, Shiite Muslim Arabs, and the mostly Sunni Kurds. As a unit, the Presidency Council was meant to symbolize the unity of the nation. This arrangement is required by the constitution to continue until the Council of Representatives, enters its second set of sessions. At this point, the Presidency Council would be replaced by a solitary President of the Republic, who would have only one deputy, the Vice-President. In any case, the Presidency is appointed by the Council of Representatives. The three-member arrangement was a hold-over from the Iraqi interim government and the Iraqi Transitional Government.

On September 2014, three new Vice Presidents were elected: former Prime Ministers Nouri al-Maliki and Ayad Allawi and former Speaker of Parliament Osama al-Nujaifi.[3]

On August 11, 2015 the Council of Representatives approved the al Abadi government plan to abolish the posts of both Vice President and Deputy Prime Minister. [4] Later, Osama al-Nujaifi filed a complaint against the decision, considering it to be against the Constitution.[5] Also Nuri al-Maliki promised to cling to his post.[6] On 10 October 2016, the three posts of Vice President were restored by the Supreme Court of Iraq which deemed their abolition unconstitutional.[7]

List of officeholders

Under Iraqi Republic and Ba'athist Iraq

The Ba'athist regime of Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and Saddam Hussein also used the office of Vice President. However, the post was not as influential as the Vice Chairmen of the Revolutionary Command Council. Vice Presidents were appointed at the discretion of the President.

Portrait		Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Political party	President	Notes
			Took office	Left office	Time in office
		Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr أحمد حسن البكر (1914–1982)	November 1963	January 1964	61 days	Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region)	Abdul Salam Arif
		Saddam Hussein صدام حسين (1937–2006)	July 1968	July 1979	11 years	Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region)	Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
		Hardan al-Tikriti حردان عبدالغفار التكريتي (1925–1971)	April 1970	October 1970	183 days	Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region)		[8]
		Salih Mahdi Ammash صالح مهدي عماش (1924–1985)	April 1970	December 1971	1 year, 244 days	Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region)		[8]
		Taha Muhie-eldin Marouf طه محيي الدين معروف (1929–2009)	April 1974	April 2003	29 years	Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region)	Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein	[9][10][11]
		Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri عزة إبراهيم الدوري (born 1942)	July 1979	April 2003	23 years, 274 days	Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region)	Saddam Hussein
		Taha Yassin Ramadan طه ياسين رمضان الجزراوي‎ (1938–2007)	March 1991	April 2003	12 years, 31 days	Iraqi Ba'ath Party (Iraq Region)		[11]

Republic of Iraq since 2004

Portrait		Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Political party	President	Notes
			Took office	Left office	Time in office
		Ibrahim al-Jaafari إبراهيم الجعفري (born 1947)	1 June 2004	7 April 2005	310 days	Islamic Dawa Party	Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer	[12]
		Rowsch Shaways روز نورى شاويس (born 1947)	1 June 2004	7 April 2005	310 days	Kurdistan Democratic Party		[12]
		Adil Abdul-Mahdi عادل عبد المهدي (born 1942)	7 April 2005	11 July 2011	6 years, 95 days	Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq	Jalal Talabani	[13][14]
		Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer غازي مشعل عجيل الياور (born 1958)	7 April 2005	22 April 2006	1 year, 15 days	The Iraqis
		Tariq al-Hashimi طارق الهاشمي (born 1942)	22 April 2006	10 September 2012	6 years, 141 days	Iraqi Islamic Party		[13]
		Khodair al-Khozaei خضير الخزاعي (born 1947)	13 May 2011	9 September 2014	3 years, 119 days	Islamic Dawa Party – Iraq Organisation	Jalal Talabani Fuad Masum	[13]
		Nouri al-Maliki نوري المالكي (born 1950)	9 September 2014	11 August 2015	336 days	Islamic Dawa Party	Fuad Masum	[15][3]
		Osama al-Nujaifi أسامة النجيفي (born 1956)	9 September 2014	11 August 2015	336 days	Muttahidoon		[15][3]
		Ayad Allawi أياد علاوي (born 1944)	9 September 2014	11 August 2015	336 days	Iraqi National Accord		[15][3]
Post abolished (11 August 2015–10 October 2016)[6]
Post restored (10 October 2016–present)[7]
		Nouri al-Maliki نوري المالكي (born 1950)	10 October 2016	2 October 2018	1 year, 357 days	Islamic Dawa Party	Fuad Masum	[16][17]
		Osama al-Nujaifi أسامة النجيفي (born 1956)	10 October 2016	2 October 2018	1 year, 357 days	Muttahidoon		[18][19]
		Ayad Allawi أياد علاوي (born 1944)	10 October 2016	2 October 2018	1 year, 357 days	Iraqi National Accord		[20][21]

See also

• List of current Vice Presidents

References

1. "Salih intends to appoint Abadi as vice president: source - Iraq News - Local News - Baghdadpost". www.thebaghdadpost.com. December 2, 2018.
2. "Iraqi Deputies Question Need For Three Vice Presidents". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty.
3. "Iraq: Maliki, Nujaifi say PM's decision to cancel vice president posts "unconstitutional"". December 22, 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22.
4. "Premature excitement about Iraq's new government reforms". Washington Post.
5. "Iraq vice president files court case to keep his post".
6. Al-awsat, Asharq (1 September 2015). "Iraq: Maliki, Nujaifi say PM's decision to cancel vice president posts "unconstitutional"".
7. "Iraqi court nullifies Abadi's earlier decision to sack 3 vice president posts". Xinhua. 11 October 2016.
8. "Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1970Jan-Apr". hdl:2027/osu.32435024020109. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
9. "Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1974Jan-June". hdl:2027/osu.32435024020042. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
10. "Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1988Jan-June". hdl:2027/osu.32435024019796. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
11. "Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1991July-Dec". hdl:2027/osu.32435083449116. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
12. http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/27559/pg27559.html
13. "Iraqi parliament approves three vice presidents - People's Daily Online". en.people.cn.
14. "One of Iraq's vice presidents resigns". USATODAY.COM.
15. "URGENT: al-Maliki, Allawi, Najafi to be new Vice-Presidents of Iraq - Iraqi News".
16. "'I will declare independent Kurdistan if Al-Maliki returns to power,' warns Barzani". Middle East Monitor. 23 January 2017.
17. "Barzani says to declare Kurdistan's independence if Maliki returns as Iraq PM". Iraqi News. 23 January 2017.
18. "Will Mosul witness a political battle post-IS?". Al-Monitor. 18 February 2017.
19. "Iraq cuts off support for PKK, vice president says". TRT World. 13 February 2017.
20. "Iraq VP accuses Iran of violating Iraqi sovereignty in the Arabian Gulf". Middle East Monitor. 16 February 2017.
21. "ISHM: February 3 - 9, 2017". Reliefweb.int. 9 February 2017.