United States H-class submarine

The United States H-class submarines were Holland 602 type submarines used by the United States Navy.

USS H-1
Class overview
Name: H class
Builders:
Operators:  United States Navy
Preceded by: G class
Succeeded by: K class
Built: 1911–1918
In commission: 1913–1922
Completed: 9
Lost: 1
Retired: 8
General characteristics
Type: Submarine
Displacement:
  • 358 long tons (364 t) surfaced
  • 467 long tons (474 t) submerged
Length: 150 ft 4 in (45.82 m)
Beam: 15 ft 10 in (4.83 m)
Draft: 12 ft 5 in (3.78 m)
Installed power:
  • 950 hp (710 kW) (diesel engines)
  • 600 hp (450 kW) (electric motors)
Propulsion:
Speed:
  • 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph) surfaced
  • 10.5 knots (19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph) submerged
Range:
  • 2,300 nmi (4,300 km) at 11 kn (20 km/h; 13 mph) surfaced
  • 100 nmi (190 km) at 5 kn (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) submerged
Test depth: 200 ft (61 m)
Complement: 25 officers and men
Armament:
The torpedo room of USS H-5 in 1919. The breeches of the four 18-inch (457 mm) torpedo tubes are at center.

The first three submarines of the class were laid down in March–April 1911 as Seawolf, Nautilus and Garfish, and were renamed H-1, H-2 and H-3 while still under construction on 17 November 1911, as part of a forcewide submarine redesignation. They were commissioned in December 1913/January 1914.

In 1915 the Imperial Russian Navy had ordered 17 H-class submarines from the Electric Boat Company, to be built in Canada at a temporary shipyard near Barnet, Vancouver, British Columbia to avoid US neutrality concerns, which had derailed the delivery of ten similar submarines to the British. The shipyard was owned by the British Pacific Construction and Engineering Co. Eleven were delivered, and served as the American Holland-class submarines, but the shipment of the final six was held up pending the outcome of the Russian Revolution of 1917, and the boats were stored in knockdown condition at their construction yard. All six were purchased by the United States Navy on 20 May 1918 and assembled at Puget Sound Navy Yard before being commissioned as H-4 to H-9 in late 1918.

H-1 ran aground and was wrecked off the coast of Mexico on 12 March 1920, while the remaining eight submarines were decommissioned in late 1922, and laid up in the Reserve Fleet. Finally stricken from the Navy List in 1930, they were sold for scrap in 1931 and 1933.

Design

These vessels included some features intended to increase underwater speed that were standard on US submarines of this era, including a small sail and a rotating cap over the torpedo tube muzzles. For extended surface runs, the small sail was augmented with a temporary piping-and-canvas structure (see photo). Apparently the "crash dive" concept had not yet been thought of, as this would take considerable time to deploy and dismantle. This remained standard through the N class, commissioned 1917-1918. Experience in World War I showed that this was inadequate in the North Atlantic weather, and earlier submarines serving overseas in that war (E class through L class) had their bridge structures augmented with a "chariot" shield on the front of the bridge. Starting with the N class, built with lessons learned from overseas experience, US submarines had bridges more suited to surfaced operations in rough weather. The streamlined, rotating torpedo tube muzzle cap eliminated the drag that muzzle holes would otherwise cause. In the stowed position, the submarine appears to have no torpedo tubes, as the holes in the cap are covered by the bow stem. This feature remained standard through the K class, after which it was replaced with shutters that were standard through the 1950s.

Boats
  • H-1 (SS-28) (originally Seawolf), laid down 22 March 1911, launched 6 May 1913, commissioned 1 December 1913. Wrecked, 12 March 1920.[1]
  • H-2 (SS-29) (originally Nautilus), laid down 23 March 1911, launched 4 June 1913, commissioned 1 December 1913. Decommissioned, 23 October 1922, sold for scrap 1 September 1931.[2]
  • H-3 (SS-30) (originally Garfish), laid down 3 April 1911, launched 3 July 1913, commissioned 16 January 1914. Decommissioned, 23 October 1922, sold for scrap 14 September 1931.[3]
  • H-4 (SS-147), laid down 12 May 1918, launched 9 October 1918, commissioned 24 October 1918. Decommissioned, 25 October 1922, sold for scrap 14 September 1931.[4]
  • H-5 (SS-148), laid down 12 May 1918, launched 24 September 1918, commissioned 30 September 1918. Decommissioned, 20 October 1922, sold for scrap 28 November 1933.[5]
  • H-6 (SS-149), laid down 14 May 1918, launched 26 August 1918, commissioned 9 September 1918. Decommissioned, 23 October 1922, sold for scrap 28 November 1933.[6]
  • H-7 (SS-150), laid down 15 May 1918, launched 17 October 1918, commissioned 24 October 1918. Decommissioned, 23 October 1922, sold for scrap 28 November 1933.[7]
  • H-8 (SS-151), laid down 25 May 1918, launched 14 November 1918, commissioned 18 November 1918. Decommissioned, 17 November 1922, sold for scrap 28 November 1933.[8]
  • H-9 (SS-152), laid down 1 June 1918, launched 23 November 1918, commissioned 25 November 1918. Decommissioned, 3 November 1922, sold for scrap 28 November 1933.[9]
gollark: ...
gollark: In practice, they might not really work, I mean.
gollark: Well, yes, but I mean it would be probably problematic to convert them.
gollark: - that would either involve erasing i.e. killing all extant humans, or overwriting/meddling with their minds and bodies (so basically the same thing) - obviously problematic- anthropomorphic animals probably wouldn't work very well either, inasmuch as most animals are quadrupeds and we're bipeds, along with probably a ton of other things- Marxism bad
gollark: no.

See also

References

Notes
  1. "Sea Wolf / H-1 (SS-28)". navsource.org. Retrieved 18 July 2010.
  2. "Nautilus / H-2 (SS-29)". navsource.org. Retrieved 18 July 2010.
  3. "Garfish / H-3 (SS-30)". navsource.org. Retrieved 18 July 2010.
  4. "H-4 (SS-147)". navsource.org. Retrieved 18 July 2010.
  5. "H-5 (SS-148)". navsource.org. Retrieved 18 July 2010.
  6. "H-6 (SS-149)". navsource.org. Retrieved 18 July 2010.
  7. "H-7 (SS-150)". navsource.org. Retrieved 18 July 2010.
  8. "H-8 (SS-151)". navsource.org. Retrieved 18 July 2010.
  9. "H-9 (SS-152)". navsource.org. Retrieved 18 July 2010.

Sources
  • Gardiner, Robert, Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921 Conway Maritime Press, 1985. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Friedman, Norman "US Submarines through 1945: An Illustrated Design History", Naval Institute Press, Annapolis:1995, ISBN 1-55750-263-3.
  • Navsource.org early diesel submarines page
  • Pigboats.com H-boats page
  • The Legend of Electric Boat, by Jeffrey L. Rodengen, 1994 ISBN 0-945903-24-3
  • Britain's Clandestine Submarines 1914-1915, by Gaddis Smith, 1964, ISBN 0-208-01504-3.
  • The Subterfuge Submarines, by E. C. Fischer jr., in Warship International, 1977 Vol. XIV No.3
  • Building Submarines for Russia in Burrard Inlet, by W. Kaye Lamb, in BC Studies No.71 Autumn, 1986

This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.

Media related to H class submarines of the United States at Wikimedia Commons

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