Umbel

In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) which spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade".[1] The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules[2] or umbellets.[3] A small umbel is called an umbellule.[3] The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.[3][4] A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.

  • Compound umbel of a hemlock-parsley, Conioselinum pacificum (Apiaceae)
  • Compound umbel of a wild carrot, Daucus carota (Apiaceae)
  • Simple umbel of Fatsia japonica (Araliaceae)
  • Involucrate simple umbels of Primula veris.
gollark: I could probably get around that with enough work.
gollark: Either way, the real-world credit card system... honestly seems woefully insecure and the only reason it works most of the time is the law and people being somewhat trustworthy.
gollark: I think you either need physical presence of the card or some numbers on it.
gollark: I would be worried about the networking between the payment terminals and central server, too - if it's not secured properly people could intercept it and/or run attacks on it.
gollark: You *don't* trust the payment terminals, because people can go around editing the code on them to do basically whatever, and they have to read the card and contact the bank server.

References
  1. umbel etymology
  2. Menglan She, Fading Pu, Zehui Pan, Mark Watson, John F. M. Cannon, Ingrid Holmes-Smith, Eugene V. Kljuykov, Loy R. Phillippe & Michael G. Pimenov. "Apiaceae Lindley". Flora of China. 14. Retrieved 15 January 2019 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  3. Beentje, H.; Williamson, J. (2010). The Kew Plant Glossary: an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Kew Publishing.
  4. Walters, D.R.; Keil, D.J. (1975). Vascular Plant Taxonomy. Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.

Further reading
  • Hinderer, Walter; Noé, Wolfgang; Seitz, Hanns Ulrich (1983). "Differentiation of metabolic pathways in the umbel of Daucus carota". Phytochemistry. 22 (11): 2417–2420. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(83)80131-9. ISSN 0031-9422.
  • Toben, H.-M.; Rudoph, K (1996). "Pseudomonas syringae pv. coriandricola, Incitant of Bacterial Umbel Blight and Seed Decay of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in Germany". Journal of Phytopathology. 144 (4): 169–178. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1996.tb01510.x. ISSN 0931-1785.
  • Peterson, L. E.; Clark, R. J.; Menary, R. C. (1993). "Umbel Initiation and Stem Elongation in Fennel(Foeniculum vulgare)Initiated by Photoperiod". Journal of Essential Oil Research. 5 (1): 37–43. doi:10.1080/10412905.1993.9698168. ISSN 1041-2905.


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