USS Herald of Morning

USS Herald of Morning was a C2-S-B1 Maritime Commission hull that served in heavy combat in the Pacific Theatre during World War II as a merchant and United States Navy vessel.

USS Herald of Morning

History
United States
Name:	Herald of Morning
Builder:	Moore Dry Dock Company
Launched:	14 August 1943
Commissioned:	22 April 1944
In service:	1944
Honors and awards:	5 battle stars for World War II service
Fate:	Scrapped, 1973
General characteristics
Length:	459 ft 2 in (139.95 m)
Beam:	63 ft (19 m)
Draft:	25 ft 9 in (7.85 m)
Propulsion:	1 × General Electric steam turbine 2 × Foster and Wheeler D-type boilers, 450 psi (3,100 kPa) 750° double General Electric main reduction gears 3 × 300 kW (400 hp) 120 V/240 V DC ship's service generators 1 propeller, 6,000 shp (4,500 kW)
Complement:	28 officers, 375 enlisted
Armament:	1 × single 5"/38 cal dual purpose gun mount 4 × single 3"/50 cal dual purpose mounts

Ship history

She was delivered on 30 November 1943, to the United States Lines, under contract to the War Shipping Administration (WSA).[1] The ship made one trip to the Hawaiian Islands as a merchant cargo vessel before being taken over early in 1944 by the Navy for conversion into an auxiliary transport. The ship was converted for Navy service at United Engineering Company in Alameda, California. From then on, she was designated AP-173.[2]

U.S. Navy service

After a brief shakedown cruise, the ship loaded troops and supplies and sailed for the Hawaiian Islands on 2 May 1944. Arriving six days later, Herald of the Morning engaged in amphibious training exercises for the upcoming invasion of the Marianas an important step in the historic island hopping campaign toward Japan. The ships departed for the Marshalls on 1 June. Herald of the Morning was assigned to a reserve group, and arrived at Saipan on 16 June, the day after Vice Admiral Turner's Marines had landed. The transport unloaded her supplies, debarked troops, and retired to Eniwetok on 26 June. There she remained from 1–13 July before sailing back to Pearl Harbor to load more troops for the Pacific Sighting. Following World War II, Herald of Morning was assigned to occupation service in the Far East. She was decommissioned from naval service on 9 August 1946, and was subsequently placed in the National Defense Reserve Fleet.

Merchant Service

In 1948, the ship was sold to Waterman Steamship Company, sailing as SS Citrus Packer. In 1950, two crewman of Citrus Packer were killed by a North Korean sniper ambush. The report stated that the two men left the ship when it docked in Inchon on 1 October and were never seen again. Four days later, when the ship sailed, the two were reported missing to U.S. Army authorities. When the vessel arrived in Yokohama the skipper was notified that their bodies had been found. She sailed as Citrus Packer until 1958, when she was sold to Gulf-South American Steamship Company as SS Gulf Trader.

Fate

As of 30 July 1969, the ship was reported as "unseaworthy" according to a U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals case, in which a longshoreman was injured while loading and storing cargo. He was awarded $75,000 in damages.[3][4] She was scrapped in 1973.

Ship Awards

Herald of Morning received five battle stars for World War II service.[5]

Combat Action Ribbon
American Campaign Medal	Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (6 awards)	World War II Victory Medal
Navy Occupation Medal	Philippine Presidential Unit Citation	Philippine Liberation Medal (3 awards)

References

This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.

3. [https://openjurist.org/415/f2d/316/anderson-v-ss-gulf-trader#fn1_ref
4. https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/415/316/279925/]