Tusko

Tusko is a popular name given to elephants in captivity. Several notable elephants have been given this moniker.

Etymology

The name Tusko is derived from the tusks from the elephant.

Notable elephants

The Meanest Elephant

Formerly known as "Ned", this Tusko was a giant circus elephant captured at age 6 in Siam (now Thailand).[1][2] He stood just five feet high when he was unloaded from a sailing ship at New York harbor in 1898.[1]

Originally named Ned, he was part of several circuses in the 1900s, including the Great Syndicate Shows, the Great Eastern Shows, and the M.L. Clark & Sons Combined Shows.[1] In 1921, he was purchased by the Al G. Barnes Circus and became its main attraction.[1] He was renamed Tusko. The tusks which presumably earned him his name were about seven feet long (213 centimeters) at this time.[1] By 1922, he was touted as "The Meanest Elephant"[3] as well as "the largest elephant ever in captivity", though at 10-feet-2-inches tall (3.1 meters), he was seven inches shorter than Jumbo. Nonetheless, Tusko was a ton heavier than Jumbo and the largest elephant in North America since Jumbo. On May 14, 1922, Tusko got loose in Sedro-Woolley, Washington, and caused $20,000 in damage.[1]

John Ringling bought the circus and sold Tusko to Al Painter, who worked for the Lotus Isle amusement park in Portland, Oregon, where he performed as "Tusko the Magnificent".[1] The March 23, 1931, issue of The Oregonian Newspaper reported that an airplane crash at Lotus Isle spooked the animal, causing Tusko to go on a rampage.[3] Painter sold the elephant to T. H. Eslick, one of Lotus Isle's developers.[1] He spent some time in an exhibition road show, accompanied by his keeper and lifelong devotee, young George "Slim" Lewis. Eslick later abandoned him at the 1931 Oregon State Fair.[1] By this time, his tusks had been reduced to nubbins.[1]

Tusko changed hands repeatedly, until finally Seattle Mayor John F. Dore, taking pity on his poor condition, had him confiscated from his latest owner on October 8, 1932.[1] Tusko ended his days in the Seattle Zoo, dying of a blood clot on June 10, 1933.[4]

The elephant on LSD

"Tusko" was the name of a male Indian elephant at the Oklahoma City Zoo. On August 3, 1962,[5] researchers from the University of Oklahoma injected him with 297 mg of LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), which is nearly three thousand times the human recreational dose. Within five minutes he collapsed to the ground and one hour and forty minutes later he died. It is believed that the LSD was the cause of his death, although some speculate that the drugs the researchers used in an attempt to revive him may have contributed to his death.[6][7][8][9][10][11]

Portland, Oregon Zoo

An Asian elephant by the name "Tusko" resided at the Oregon Zoo in Portland, Oregon from 2005 until December 2015. It is believed he was born in the wilds of Thailand around 1970, and was about 45 years old by the time of his death.

Tusko arrived at the Oregon Zoo in June 2005 on a breeding loan. He had successfully sired three calves in the past; two while living in Canada and one in California. Tusko had also successfully mated with Rose-Tu, the youngest elephant in the herd at the time. On August 23, 2008, she delivered her first offspring, a male named Samudra and nicknamed Sam. Sam is also the first third-generation elephant born in the United States. Zoo officials have stated that they were very lucky to find a bull like Tusko. He was a good match for the herd, providing genetic diversity as well as great social skills, experience with calves, a gentle nature with the females and positive role model for Samudra.[12]

Rose-Tu and Tusko again mated successfully in 2011[13] and her second calf, a female named Lily, was born on November 30, 2012. A controversy was sparked when the Seattle Times reported[14] that the new baby would become the property of Perris-based Have Trunk Will Travel, a company which offers elephant rides at fairs, zoos and weddings.[14] Zoo officials explained that although the breeding contract states that the zoo owns the first, third and fifth of Tusko's offspring, while the California company owns the second, fourth and sixth baby elephant,[15] there are no plans to ship the elephant to California. The plan has always been for Rose-Tu and her baby to stay together their whole lives as they would in the wild;[12] however, the legal details of the arrangement cannot be negotiated before the elephant is one month old. Eventually, the Oregon Zoo foundation did a fundraiser to purchase both Lily and Tusko for $400,000, giving the zoo legal ownership of both.

There were plans for Tusko to also mate with the zoo's other two females, Shine and Chendra, although they never materialized. Tusko underwent two surgeries to have his tusks removed due to risk of chronic infection. He was blind in his right eye.

In June 2014, the elephant tested positive for tuberculosis. An 18-month treatment began that year.[16][17]

In late December 2015, a decades-old right-rear foot injury flared up, forcing Tusko to use his other three legs and his trunk to bear weight. His right-front foot then became infected and swollen, and Tusko had difficulty standing and walking. He was euthanized on December 22, 2015.[18] Zoo officials said they did not know exactly how the injury occurred, however that it had happened while he was a circus elephant.[19][20]

gollark: Another issue with voting as a system for dealing with politicians doing stupid things is that it's very slow.
gollark: As a vegetarian, I disagree.
gollark: I'm subscribed to a service which sends me emails about what my local MP (I think the approximate US equivalent is a senator?) does, but it turns out it's actually very boring and I have no idea if they're doing a good job.
gollark: In theory voters should do that, but it's hard to actually *check* if your politician did stupid things, and it is NOT very granular.
gollark: It would probably be good if there was some mechanism for punishing politicians who spend money on things which turned out to be bad/stupid/pointless. Although someone would have to evaluate bad/stupid/pointlessness somehow.

See also
  • List of historical elephants

References
  1. Capi Lynn (August 29, 2017). "The time Tusko the elephant was abandoned at the Oregon State Fair". Statesman Journal.
  2. HistoryLink Tusko the elephant rampages through Sedro-Woolley on May 15, 1922
  3. "Lotus Isle Amusement Park". PdxHistory.com.
  4. "Death Takes Tusko, Big Elephant That Lived Stormy Life". Chicago Tribune. June 11, 1933. Retrieved 2010-10-16. Tusko one of the largest and most publicized elephants In captivity survived hundreds of death threats and other perils brought on by his temper ament only ...
  5. "Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Its Effects on a Male Asiatic Elephant", by Louis Jolyon West, Chester M. Pierce, and Warren D. Thomas, Science Magazine, December 7, 1962, pp1100-1102
  6. LSD - My Problem Child (PDF). McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1976. p. 102. ISBN 0-07-029325-2.
  7. West, LJ; Pierce, CM; Thomas, WD (7 December 1962). "Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Its Effects on a Male Asiatic Elephant". Science. 138 (3545): 1100–3. doi:10.1126/science.138.3545.1100. PMID 17772968.
  8. Boese, A. (2007). Elephants on Acid: And Other Bizarre Experiments. Harcourt.
  9. http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/lsd/lsd_history4.shtml
  10. http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/research/story/0,9865,770756,00.html A dose of madness in The Guardian UK
  11. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2004/feb/26/research.science
  12. "Rose-Tu's baby and the Oregon Zoo: FAQ". Oregon Zoo. 4 Dec 2012. Retrieved 5 Dec 2012.
  13. Muldoon, Katy (20 Oct 2011). "Oregon Zoo: Asian elephant Rose-Tu is pregnant". The Oregonian. Portland, Oregon: Advance Publications. Retrieved 5 Dec 2012.
  14. Berens, Michael J. (3 Dec 2012). "Portland's baby elephant belongs to traveling show". Seattle Times. Seattle, Washington: The Seattle Times Company. Retrieved 5 Dec 2012.
  15. Craig, Paul (4 Dec 2012). "California company: 'No intention' of taking baby elephant". Fox 12 Oregon. KPTV. Retrieved 5 Dec 2012.
  16. "Zoo to re-test elephant Tusko after inconclusive TB results". Oregon Zoo. June 3, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  17. The Associated Press (June 10, 2014). "Tusko becomes third elephant at Oregon Zoo to contract tuberculosis". KATU News – On Your Side. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  18. http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2015/12/oregon_zoos_tusko_dies_after_s.html
  19. Blackman, Teresa (December 22, 2015). "Tusko the elephant euthanized at Oregon Zoo". KGW News. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  20. Statesman Journal staff (December 22, 2015). "Oregon Zoo elephant Tusko euthanized". Statesman Journal. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
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