Tulipa orphanidea

Tulipa orphanidea is a species of the genus Tulipa, in the family Liliaceae, described by Pierre Edmond Boissier and Theodor Heinrich Hermann von Heldreich (1862).[1][3]

Tulipa orphanidea
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Liliaceae
Genus: Tulipa
Subgenus: Tulipa subg. Eriostemones
Species:
T. orphanidea
Binomial name
Tulipa orphanidea
Boiss. ex Heldr.[1]
Synonyms[2]

Tulipa sylvestris var. orphanidea

Description
Basal blotch at inner centre of tepals

Tulipa orphanidea is a bulbous perennial reaching 10–20 cm in height. Bulbs measure 20–47 x 8–22 mm. The stem is glabrous or hairy, and the leaves which vary from 2–7 reach a size of about 20x2 cm, and are green, often with a tinge of red along their edges. The stem bears 1–4 globular to star-shaped flowers with copper-red, rarely yellow and red tepals, arranged in two whorls of three. The tepals bear a black, sometimes yellow, basal blotch interiorly. The outer tepals measure 3–6 × 1–1.8 cm and the inner tepal 3–6 × 1.2–2.1 cm. The six stamens are a dark olive colour, 7–12 mm in length. The chromosome number is 2n = 36, rarely 24 or 48.[4][5][6]

Taxononomy

The taxonomy is complex, since it is a variable population. It is placed in subgenus Eriostemones, one of four subgenera of Tulipa.[7] The species has at various times been treated as a variable taxon with a range of forms, divided into subspecies, including T. o. whittalii,[2] or as a number of different discrete species, including T. bithynica, T. hageri and T. whittallii.[8]

Distribution and habitat

Tulipa orphanidea is found in the southeast Balkans, Bulgaria, Greece, Aegean Islands, Crete and western Turkey. Its habitat includes black pine (Pinus nigra) forests, fields and roadsides, at altitudes up to 1,700 m.[2][5][6][7]

Ecology

Tulipa orphanidea blooms from April to May.[5]

Cultivation

Tulipa orphanidea has been used s an ornamental garden plant since 1861.[5] Different colour forms are stable in cultivation and various cultivars have been developed, and given Cultivar Group names such as T. orphanidea Hageri Group and Whittallii Group. Cultivars include T. orphanidea Hageri Group ‘Splendens’.[7]

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References
  1. von Heldreich 1862.
  2. Govaerts 2004.
  3. WCSP 2017.
  4. IPCN 2017.
  5. Jager et al 2007.
  6. Grey-Wilson & Matthews 1980.
  7. Christenhusz et al 2013.
  8. Eker et al 2014.

Bibliography
  • Grey-Wilson, C.; Matthews, V. A. Tulipa orphanidea Boiss. ex Heldr. p. 22., In Tutin et al (1980)
  • Jäger, Eckehart J.; Ebel, Friedrich; Hanelt, Peter; Müller; Gerd (2007). Rothmaler - Exkursionsflora von Deutschland: 5. Krautige Zier- und Nutzpflanzen. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-3-662-50420-8.
  • Tutin, T. G.; et al., eds. (1980). Flora Europaea. Volume 5, Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (monocotyledones). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 052120108X. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  • Christenhusz, Maarten J.M.; Govaerts, Rafaël; David, John C.; Hall, Tony; Borland, Katherine; Roberts, Penelope S.; Tuomisto, Anne; Buerki, Sven; Chase, Mark W.; Fay, Michael F. (2013). "Tiptoe through the tulips – cultural history, molecular phylogenetics and classification of Tulipa (Liliaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 172 (3): 280–328. doi:10.1111/boj.12061.
  • Eker, İsmail; Babaç, Mehmet Tekin; Koyuncu, Mehmet (29 January 2014). "Revision of the genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae) in Turkey". Phytotaxa. 157 (1): 1–112. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.157.1.1.
  • von Heldreich, Theodor (1862). "Tulipa orphanidea Boiss. und die Tulpen Griechenlands". Gartenflora. 11: 309311.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • "Tulipa orphanidea". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
  • Govaerts, Rafael (2004). "Tulipa orphanidea". Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2 September 2017.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • "Tulipa orphanidea Boiss. ex Heldr". Tropicos: IPCN Chromosome Reports. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
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