Tsuru no Ongaeshi

Tsuru no Ongaeshi (鶴の恩返し, lit. "Crane's Return of a Favor") is a story from Japanese folklore about a crane who returns a favor to a man. A variant of the story where a man marries the crane that returns the favor is known as Tsuru Nyōbō (鶴女房, "Crane Wife").

Crane's Return of a Favor

A man saves a crane that got shot down by hunters. That night, a beautiful girl appears at the man's door and tells him that she is his wife. The man tells her that he is not wealthy enough to support them, but she tells him that she has a bag of rice that will fill their stomachs. Every day, the rice never goes down in the sack, and it always stays full. The next day she tells the man that she is going in a room to make something and that he is not to come in until she is finished. Seven days have passed by and she finally comes out with a beautiful piece of clothing, but she is very skinny. She tells the man to go to the markets the next morning and to sell this for a very large price. He comes back home and tells her that he sold it for a very good price. After that, they are now wealthy. The wife then goes back into the room and tell him once again not to come in until she is finished. The man's curiosity took over him and he peeked in, realizing that the woman is not actually his wife, for she is the crane that he saved. When the crane saw that the man has found out her true identity, she said that she can not stay there anymore and flies away to never come back.

The Crane Wife

In The Crane Wife story, a man marries a woman who is in fact a crane disguised as a human. To make money the crane wife plucks her own feathers to weave silk brocade which the man sells, but she becomes increasingly ill as she does so. When the man discovers his wife's true identity and the nature of her illness, devastated by the truth he demands her to stop, she said she was doing it for love, for them. The man said that love exists without sacrifices but he was wrong. He who lives without sacrifices for someone else doesn't deserve to be with a crane.[1]

Ippontōchō-zu by Hara Zaichū

Related variations

In The Copper Pheasant Wife, the wife does not weave cloth but instead provides her husband a plume to feather an arrow shaft the husband is rewarded for. The wife is not looked in on by the husband like in The Crane Wife; instead like in Crane's Return of a Favor the pheasant wife leaves as soon as the favor is returned.

In The Bird Wife, it is an injured wild goose the man saves. In this story, the wife weaves without prompting from the husband. One day she disappears, and he finds her in a local pond. It is there she explains she was trying to repay his kindness, and asks him to use the money from selling the cloth to take care of their child before flying away.

In The Fox Wife, it is a fox that the man helps and who shows up on the man's doorstep to become his bride. In this tale the fox does not weave but uses her tail to help sweep the floors. Upon discovering his wife's identity, the husband drives her away.

In The Clam Wife, a man finds a beautiful woman mysteriously appear at his doorway. They become married, and the wife cooks the husband a delicious bean soup each day. He peeks in on her cooking, and discovers that she is urinating clam juice into the soup, so he chases her away.

In The Fish Wife, a fisherman releases fish that he does not need to eat back into the water because he does not have a greedy nature. A beautiful woman appears at the fisherman's door and begs to be his wife. The wife cooks the husband a bean soup that is so good he is suspicious of how she makes it. He spies on her while she is cooking, and discovers she urinates in the soup. Later at dinner he alludes to her cooking method. When the wife realizes he knows she says she must return to her former home, and bids the husband visit her at the pond the following day. When he does, she explains how she was a fish he saved and had wanted to repay the favor. She disappears into the water, leaving him a box of gold and silver.

In The Snake Wife, a beautiful woman appears in a widower's doorway asking to stay the night. They become married, and the wife becomes pregnant. The wife warns the husband not to look in on the hut where she intends to have their child. He looks, and discovers a snake. The wife says that as the husband has seen her true form, she must leave. She ends up giving her child her two eyeballs for nourishment as she cannot be there to feed it. When the son grows of age he takes care of his blind mother.[2]

In popular culture

Film and television

Legion – Episode "Chapter 3"
Ultraman Leo – "A Monster's Favor"

Anime

In Flying Witch, Makoto while making a witch robe for her cousin Chinatsu tells her not to come in while she is working on it, referencing the story as an example.
In Miss Kobayashi's Dragon Maid, one of the characters, an anthropomorphized dragon, tells the human main character to not peek into the kitchen until she calls for her, while holding a book copy of the tale, so that she can cook her own tail unseen for her.
Yo-kai Watch – Episode 56
One Piece – Chapter 913, Episodes 898 and 899
Urusei Yatsura – Episode 52
Hozuki's Coolheadedness – Season 2, episode 18
Hugtto! PreCure – Episode 22. Gelos recites lines from the book, and creates an illusion depicting the crane.
Osomatsu-San – Season 1, Episode 9. Osomatsu and Ichimatsu's Delivery Skit "The Actually Rather Awkward The Crane Repays a Debt" depicts an original gag version of the traditional story.
Science Fell in Love, So I Tried to Prove It – Episode 7. The Crane Wife version is modified to include modern textile manufacturing machinery.
Non Non Biyori Repeat – Episode 10. Kaede reads a storybook version to Renge.
Princess Jellyfish – Episode 5. During Mayaya's makeover, Chieko references the story, and a weaving crane is shown on-screen.

Video games

Iroha from the Samurai Shodown video game series is loosely based on the "Crane Wife" version of the story, being a crane-turned-human who became a maidservant to an unseen "master", to repay him for the kindness of rescuing her from a hunter's trap. During one of her special attacks she hides behind a shoji while saying "Please don't look, no matter what", referencing a scene from the story.
The Grateful Crane from the videogame The Battle Cats is based on the crane of this folkloric tradition.

Music

The Crane Wife (The Decemberists album)
The Crane Wives (band)
Feathers Across the Seasons

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References

Elder, John, and Hertha Dawn. Wong. Family of Earth and Sky: Indigenous Tales from around the World. Beacon Press, 1994.
Mayer, Fanny Hagin. Ancient Tales in Modern Japan: an Anthology of Japanese Folk Tales. Indiana University Press, 1985.

External links

つるのおんがえし animated depiction with English closed captioning

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[1] Elder, John, and Hertha Dawn. Wong. Family of Earth and Sky: Indigenous Tales from around the World. Beacon Press, 1994.

[2] Mayer, Fanny Hagin. Ancient Tales in Modern Japan: an Anthology of Japanese Folk Tales. Indiana University Press, 1985.