Annulation

In organic chemistry annulation (from the Latin anellus for "little ring"; occasionally annelation) is a chemical reaction in which a new ring is constructed on a molecule.[1]

Not to be confused with Annulment.

Examples are the Robinson annulation, Danheiser annulation and certain cycloadditions. Annular molecules are constructed from side-on condensed cyclic segments, for example helicenes and acenes. In transannulation a bicyclic molecule is created by intramolecular carbon-carbon bond formation in a large monocyclic ring. An example is the samarium(II) iodide induced ketone - alkene cyclization of 5-methylenecyclooctanone which proceeds through a ketyl intermediate:[2]

Benzannulation

The term benzannulated compounds refers to derivatives of cyclic compounds (usually aromatic) which are fused to a benzene ring. Examples are listed in the table below:

Benzannulated derivativeSource of cyclic compound
BenzopyrenePyrene
Quinoline Pyridine
Isoquinoline
Chromene Pyran
Isochromene
Indole Pyrrole
Isoindole
Benzofuran Furan
Isobenzofuran
BenzimidazoleImidazole
Protonation of Verkade base induces a transannular bonding, giving an atrane.[3]

Transannular interaction

A transannular interaction in chemistry is any chemical interaction (favorable or nonfavorable) between different non-bonding molecular groups in a large ring or macrocycle.[4] See for an example the molecule atrane.

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References
  1. IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version:  (2006–) "annulation". doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00367IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version:  (2006–) "annelation". doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00365.html
  2. Construction of Bicyclic Ring Systems via a Transannular SmI2-Mediated Ketone-Olefin Cyclization StrategyGary A. Molander, Barbara Czakó, and Michael Rheam J. Org. Chem.; 2007; 72(5) pp 1755 - 1764; (Article) doi:10.1021/jo062292d
  3. Verkade, John G.; Urgaonkar, Sameer; Verkade, John G.; Urgaonkar, Sameer (2012). "Proazaphosphatrane". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn00702.pub2. ISBN 978-0471936237.
  4. Experimental evidence in support of transannular interactions in diketones Kata Mlinaric-Majerski, Marijana Vinkovic, Danko Škare, Alan P. Marchand Arkivoc DS-339E 2002 Online Article Archived 2006-05-04 at the Wayback Machine
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