Train T

The Train 2T, 4T and 6T were low power piston engines for light aircraft, produced in France. They were inverted, air-cooled in-line engines with the same bore and stroke, differing chiefly in the number of cylinders.

2T, 4T, 6T
Type In line air-cooled inverted piston engine
National origin France
Manufacturer Établissements E. Train

Design and development

In the 1930s Train introduced a series of air-cooled, inverted in-line piston engines for light aircraft. The T series all used the same cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, valve trains and ignition system, combined into 2 (2T), 4 (4T), and 6 (6T) cylinder units of the same layout. The number of crankshaft bearings (3, 5 or 7) and throws (2, 4 or 6) naturally depended on the number of cylinders, as did the number of cams (4, 8 or 12) on the underhead camshaft. Each cylinder had a swept volume of 0.5 l (30.5 cu in), so the displacements were 1 l (61.0 cu in), 2 l (122.0 cu in) and 3 l (183.1 cu in) and the rated outputs 15 kW (20.1 hp), 30 kW (40.2 hp) and 44.7 kW (60 hp) respectively. The Train 6D was a variant of the 6T with increased bore of 85 mm (3.3 in).[1]

Operational history

Several International 2-litre Class records were set in 1937 by aircraft powered by the Train 4T. On 7 June 1937 M. Duverene averaged 154.5 km/h (96.0 mph; 83.4 kn) over 1,000 km (621.4 mi; 540.0 nmi) and 95 km/h (59.0 mph; 51.3 kn) over 1,000 km (621.4 mi; 540.0 nmi) in a single engine Kellner-Béchereau E.1. On 27 December 1937 Mme Lafargue reached an altitude of 4,935 m (16,191 ft) in a Touya, setting both a class and a women's record.[1]

It also powered aircraft on some notable cross-country flights; on 30 December 1937 M. Lenee flew a Kellner-Béchereau E.1 from Elde to Biarritz, a distance of 1,229 km (763.7 mi; 663.6 nmi); the same day M. Blazy flew a two-seat SFAN 5 aircraft from Guyancourt to Champniers, Charente, covering 330 km (205.1 mi; 178.2 nmi).[1]

Six Train 4Ts were used in the 2 seat, 18 m (59.1 ft) span Potez-CAMS 160 flying boat, a 1:2.6 scale model of the large Potez-CAMS 161 aircraft.[2]

Variants

From Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938[1] unless noted

Train 2T
2-cylinders, 80 mm (3.15 in), 1 l (61.0 cu in), 15 kW (20.1 hp)
Train 4T
4-cylinders, 80 mm (3.15 in), 2 l (122.0 cu in), 30 kW (40.2 hp)
Train 4A - 30–41 kW (40–55 hp) variant of the 4T[3]
Train 4E - 37–41 kW (50–55 hp) variant of the 4T[3]
Train 6T
6-cylinders, 80 mm (3.15 in), 3 l (183.1 cu in), 44.7 kW (60 hp)
Train 6D
6-cylinders, 85 mm (3.35 in), 3.4 l (207.5 cu in), 62 kW (83.1 hp)

Applications

From Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938[1] and www.AviaFrance

4-cylinder models

6-cylinder models

Specifications (4T)

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938[1]

General characteristics

  • Type: 4-cylinder inline inverted air-cooled
  • Bore: 80 mm (3.15 in)
  • Stroke: 100 mm (3.94 in)
  • Displacement: 2.01 L (123 in3))
  • Length: 670 mm (26.4 in)
  • Width: 240 mm (9.45 in)
  • Height: 516 mm (20.3 in)
  • Dry weight: 46 kg (101 lb)

Components

  • Valvetrain: Valves directly operated by cams on underhead camshaft, driven from crankshaft via bevel gears. One inlet and one exhaust valve/cylinder.
  • Fuel system: single carburetter
  • Ignition system: Choice of one or two magnetos with one or two plugs/cylinder
  • Oil system: Pumped under pressure from external tank, feeding main bearings and big ends; little ends and piston walls spray fed. Gravity return. Underhead valve gear in full length oil bath.
  • Cooling system: air
  • Reduction gear: None
  • Cylinders: Machined steel barrels with aluminium-bronze heads containing machined valve seat and secured with long bolts to crankcase.
Pistons
Aluminium alloy. Floating gudgeon pins. Three compression and one scraper ring/cylinder
Connecting rods
Forged duralumin with split big ends.
Crankshaft
4-throw steel casting with 5 white metal lined bearings. Front ball race thrust bearing.
Crankcase
Aluminium casting in top and bottom halves, with capped crankshaft bearings in the lower part.

Performance

  • Power output: Rated 30 kW (40 hp), actual 33 kW (44 hp), both at 2,300 rpm
  • Specific power: 16.5 kW/L (0.64 hp/in3)
  • Compression ratio: 6:1
  • Specific fuel consumption: 322 g/(kW·h) (0.529 lb/(hp·h))
  • Oil consumption: 61 g/(kW·h) (0.10 lb/(hp·h))
  • Power-to-weight ratio: 0.72 kW/kg (0.44 hp/lb)
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See also

Related lists

References
  1. Grey, C.G. (1972). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938. London: David & Charles. p. 56d. ISBN 0-7153-5734-4.
  2. Grey, C.G. (1972). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1938. p. 111c.
  3. "Un nouveaux moteur: le Train 4E-01 de 50/55CV". Les Ailes (946): 7. 24 August 1936.
  4. "Que reste-t-il des Avions du 1936?". Les Ailes (910): 15. 3 November 1938.
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