Tongguan Subdistrict

Tongguan (simplified Chinese: 铜官街道; traditional Chinese: 銅官街道; pinyin: Tóngguān Jiēdào) is a subdistrict of Wangcheng district, Changsha, China. It is located on the eastern bank of Xiang river, the subdistrict is bordered by Dingziwan subdistrict to the south, Qiaoyi and Chating towns to the east and north, Jinggang Town and Gaotangling subdistrict across the Xiang river to the west. Tongguan has an area of 90.3 km² (34.9 sq mi) with a population of 50 thousand, its administrative centre is at Huacheng village. the subdistrict has five residential communities and nine villages under its jurisdiction.[1] Tongguan is located on the eastern bank of Xiangjiang River in the northern part of Wangcheng District. It has one provincial-level cultural relic protection unit, one municipal-level cultural relic protection unit, four county-level cultural relic protection unit and two county-level cultural relic site. Tongguan has been known as "Town of Ceramics" and "Ancient Tongguan Town".

Tongguan subdistrict 铜官街道
Subdistrict
Tongguan subdistrict Location in Hunan
Coordinates:
Country	People's Republic of China
Province	Hunan
Prefecture-level city	Changsha
district	Wangcheng
Area
• Total	90.3 km^2 (34.9 sq mi)
Population  (2015)
• Total	50,000
• Density	550/km^2 (1,400/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)
Area code(s)	0731
Website	http://tgz.wangcheng.gov.cn/

Tongguan is a national famous tourism town with characteristic landscape published in 2015,[2] also a small town with a particular character of Hunan;[3] it was designated a famous historical and cultural town of Hunan province in 2007.[4][5]

Early history

Tongguan is an ancient town with a history of over 2,100 years. There was a bridge named Wuchu (吴楚桥) at Shigang (誓港), According to legend, the bridge was at the boundary point of Wu and Chu states in the Warring States period (476–221 BC). The unearthed earthenwares at Mawangdui proved that at latest Tongguan started to produce potteries in the western Han Periods (206 BC–9 AD). The archaeological excavation at Tongguan Kiln Site showed that, the technology of underglazed color figure was originated there in the Tang (618–907 AC) and Five Dynasties periods (907–960 AC). The production of underglaze wares was once prosperous at the later Tang period, and declined in the Five Dynasties periods in the place.[6]

Tang Dynasty earthenware fragment with sancai glaze, excavated in Nishapur, Iran.

During An Lushan Rebellion (755 – 763 AC), the Land traffic from the North, Northwest China to the Middle East Arabdom and Persia was blocked, meanwhile the maritime trade was thriving in the South China. As a commercial port and one of pottery industrial centres, early in the Tang Dynasty, pottery trade between Tongguan and other areas already began, the place should be also the earliest export trade port in the history of Changsha.[6] A Tang Belitung wreck was discovered by fishermen in 1988 At Belitung island, Indonesia (Gaspar Strait). Radiocarbon dating of the ship's timber produced a relatively wide range date of 710 - 890 A.D for the wreck. the cultural relics was so-called "Tang treasure" in the salvage of the wreck, the majority of that are wares from Changsha produced in kilns in Tongguan, and the text transcript on relics used the calendar era of Tang period (618 - 907 AC). What above-mentioned is a strong evidence, as once a trade-exported port and centre of pottery production, the place of Tongguan played an important role in the history of China or Hunan.[7]

Subdivision

The Tongguan subdistrict was formed by merging the former Tongguan town (铜官镇), Shutangshan subdistrict (书堂山街道), Guoliang village (郭亮村) of Chating town and a portion of Shenjiaqiao residential community (慎家桥社区) of Dongcheng town[8] on November 19, 2015; there were 10 villages and five residential communities in the subdistrict at that time.[9] Tanzhou residential community was formed by merging Taifeng village (太丰村) and Hongjiazhou residential community (洪家洲社区) on March 23, 2016; the subdistrict has nine villages and five residential communities[10] in 2016.

Administrative divisions of Tongguan subdistrict in 2016

administrative centre: Baoyong neighborhood of Huacheng (华城村保拥小区) amount of divisions: five residential communities and nine villages
villages and residential communities		villages
English name	Chinese name	English name	Chinese name
Gaoling residential community	高岭社区	Heqiao village	何桥村
Shigang residential community	誓港社区	Huashi village	花实村
Tanzhou residential community formed at merging Taifeng and Hongjiazhou	潭州社区 formed at merging 太丰村 and 洪家洲社区	Huacheng village	华城村
Tongguanjie residential community	铜官街社区	Shizhuhu village	石渚湖村
Yuanjiahu residential community	袁家湖社区	Shutangshan village	书堂山村
Caitaoyuan village	彩陶源村	Wanxing village	万星村
Guoliang village	郭亮村	Zhongshan village	中山村

Unearthed pottery at Tang Belitung wreck

The following are the showpieces of Tang Belitung wreck at Marina Bay Sands museum, Singapore. the showpieces are the unearthed cultural relics from the wreck, the potteries made in Tongguan in Tang period.

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Culture

The Tongguan pottery firing technology was selected into the list of state-level intangible cultural heritage.[11][12]

Attractions

Tongguan Street, Fanjia Kiln of the Tang dynasty (618-907), Waixing Kiln of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), Yixing Kiln of the Qing dynasty (1644-1912), Du Fu Shoufeng Pavilion (杜甫守风阁), Wuchu Bridge (吴楚桥), Dongshan Temple (东山寺), ancient tomb complex of the Warring States period (475 B.C-221 B.C) (战国古墓群) and ancient architecture complex of the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368-1912) (明清古建筑群) have innumerable links to the ancient marks of Tongguan.[13][14]

References

1. translation according to wangcheng.gov (2016-03-07)
2. Tongguan was designated a National Famous Tourism town with Characteristic Landscape at third batch published in 2015 (2015-07-31) (details)
3. on detail, also see sohu.com (2016-08-08), sina.com (2016-04-02) qq.com (20160406)
4. historical and cultural town of Hunan province (first batch) rednet.cn (2007-6-6)
5. changsha.gov (2012-06-01)
6. Hunan Daily (2014-05-07)
7. koh-antique: Study of Chinese Ceramics in the Tang Belitung wreck
8. On November 19, 2015, Guoliang village of Chating town was ajusted to Tongguan under its under jurisdiction; meanwhile there were 7 residential groups, they are Yuejin (跃进组), Ranjiang (染匠组), Hejia (禾家组), Yaojia (姚家组), Wushan (五杉组), Daguan (大官组) and Yuxin (鱼心组) from the Shenjiaqiao (慎家桥社区) residential community of Dongcheng which were merged to Huacheng village under its jurisdiction.
9. See the result on adjustment of township-level administrative divisions of Wangcheng on November 19, 2015. xzqh.org: administrative division adjustment of Hunan in 2015, xinhuanet.com (2015-12-08): adjustment of township-level administrative divisions of Hunan in 2015 and people.com (2015-12-08): result in 2015 adjustment of township-level administrative division in 105 county-level divisions of Hunan
10. The full result on the village-level administrative division adjustment of Wangcheng on March 2016
11. 铜官窑发掘"非遗"文化IP. youth.cn (in Chinese). 2017-06-21.
12. 千年窑火不灭 铜官窑跨界呈现非遗文化. Tencent (in Chinese). 2017-04-17.
13. 一处古镇几多故事，深扒湘江古镇群的前世今生. icswb.com (in Chinese). 2016-10-26.
14. 依山傍水，峰峦起伏，一把窑火，造就一方传说. Sohu (in Chinese). 2017-10-11.