ToeJam & Earl

ToeJam & Earl is an action game developed by Johnson Voorsanger Productions and published by Sega for the Sega Megadrive (Genesis) console. Released in 1991, it centers on ToeJam and Earl—alien rappers who have crash-landed on Earth. As they attempt to escape the planet, players assume the role of either character and collect pieces of their wrecked spacecraft. ToeJam & Earl's design was heavily influenced by the role-playing video game Rogue, and took from it such features as the random generation of levels and items. It references and parodies 1980s and early 90s urban culture and is set to a funk soundtrack.

ToeJam & Earl
North American box art
Developer(s)Johnson Voorsanger Productions
Publisher(s)Sega
Producer(s)Scott Berfield
Designer(s)Greg Johnson
Programmer(s)Mark Voorsanger
Composer(s)John Baker
SeriesToeJam & Earl
Platform(s)Sega Genesis
Release
Genre(s)Action, dungeon crawler
Mode(s)Single-player, multiplayer

The game was positively received by critics, who praised its originality, soundtrack, humor and two-player cooperative mode. It attained sleeper hit status despite low initial sales, and its protagonists were used as mascots by Sega. ToeJam & Earl was followed by two sequels: ToeJam & Earl in Panic on Funkotron and ToeJam & Earl III: Mission to Earth, released for the Sega Genesis and Xbox respectively. The sequels' commercial and critical success was mixed. A fourth title without Sega's involvement, ToeJam & Earl: Back in the Groove, was released on March 1, 2019 with funds from Kickstarter. The game was re-released for the Wii's Virtual Console in December 2006 and re-released again on PlayStation Network and Xbox Live Arcade in November 2012.

Synopsis

ToeJam & Earl has been called a surreal, comic satire,[4] and a "daringly misanthropic commentary on Earthly life".[5] ToeJam is red and has three legs. Earl is fat and orange.[6] ToeJam wears a large gold medallion and a backwards baseball cap, while Earl is marked by high-tops and oversized sunglasses; both outfits are "over-the-top appropriations" of 1990s urban culture.[4] Their speech features California slang.[7] The game is set to a soundtrack which has been described both as jazz-funk,[4] and as hip hop.[8] For the game's unique sound, composer John Baker was inspired by Herbie Hancock and The Headhunters.[4]

In the game's opening sequence, ToeJam explains that Earl's erratic piloting abilities have resulted in a crash-landing on planet Earth. He says that they must find the widely scattered pieces of their spacecraft's wreckage to return to their home planet, Funkotron.[9] The player guides the characters as they avoid Earth's antagonistic inhabitants and search for the debris.[4] Should the player succeed, the final sequence depicts ToeJam and Earl escaping the planet in their reconstructed spacecraft. Under the player's control, the characters proceed across a purple landscape that represents Funkotron, and are greeted by their friends and family.[10]

Gameplay
ToeJam (above) and Earl (below) explore floating islands which represent Earth, while avoiding "Earthlings" such as the devil seen on the top screen.

ToeJam & Earl takes place from a 3/4 perspective in a 2D game world. Its gameplay mechanics were inspired by Rogue, which has led it to be compared to genres like Roguelikes or dungeon-crawlers.[11][12] The game contains both single-player and two-player cooperative modes. The latter displays a single screen when both characters are near each other, but splits it apart when they are not.[4] Playing the game with two players reveals dialogue and jokes between the characters not heard in the single player game.[4][7]

The game is set on Earth, which is represented by randomly generated islands that float in space,[11] each one a layer above the last. They are connected by elevators. Some islands contain pieces of spacecraft wreckage, of which the player must collect 10 to win the game.[4] The player character drops to the island below if he falls from an island's edge, which necessitates that the player again locate an elevator.[7] Each island is populated by antagonistic "Earthlings", such as phantom ice-cream trucks, aggressive packs of "nerds", giant hamsters, Bogeymen, man-eating mailboxes, and chickens armed with mortars that shoot tomatoes.[4][7][13] Certain Earthlings aid the player.[4] The game has been described as "largely non-violent",[14] as the protagonists can only attack enemies with thrown tomatoes—one of many temporary, randomly generated power-ups.[4]

Power-ups are contained in wrapped presents,[11] which are categorized by appearance. The contents of a present are unknown to the player until it is opened; afterwards, all presents of that appearance are identified. A certain type of NPC will also identify presents for a fee. Presents with question marks can hold any item at random, so their contents cannot be identified on sight alone. Identification of presents' contents is a central gameplay mechanic.[11][12] Each power-up has a unique effect: while one might increase the player characters' running speed, another distracts enemies.[7][11] Certain presents contain harmful power-ups, such the loss of a "life", or the "Randomizer", which resets the identity of all presents. In the game's cooperative mode, if one player character opens a present in the vicinity of the other, its contents affect both characters.[12] As players open more presents, the chances of accidentally opening the Randomizer are increased, which prevents the game from becoming easier as more presents are identified.[12]

Development

ToeJam & Earl creator Greg Johnson became a fan of Rogue as a university student. After he left university, he worked on games for Electronic Arts, including Starflight (1986).[15] After the completion of Starflight 2, Johnson conceived ToeJam & Earl—first the characters, then the plot—while on a beach in Hawaii.[16] The idea was a combination of Rogue's gameplay concepts and a lighter version of Starflight's science-fiction themes.[4][15] Johnson met programmer Mark Voorsanger through a mutual friend, while walking on Mount Tam in 1989. He related the concept of ToeJam & Earl to Voorsanger, and the two resolved to make the game together. They formed Johnson Voorsanger Productions, and serious work on the game began soon after.[15] Their status as commercial game designers allowed them to meet with Sega of America, and they used cards covered in landscape drawings to demonstrate their idea of randomly generated levels.[15] Sega marketing manager Hugh Bowen was immediately interested in the concept and he enlisted the aid of producer Scott Berfield to sell the game to management; Sega wanted innovative games and new mascots to compete with Nintendo.[4][15]

The game's small development team was composed of Johnson's previous colleagues,[4] and its music was composed by John Baker. The team's goal was to make a humorous game that was "original, easy to understand and offered an immediate response to the player's actions". The designers wanted to include a two-player mode so that they could play together, and considered ToeJam & Earl "a two player game with a one player option."[16] While Sega believed that hardware issues would prevent the feature from working, Voorsanger successfully implemented it.[15] In a 1992 interview with Sega Visions, Johnson stated that the characters ToeJam and Earl evolved as reflections of his and Voorsanger's personalities. Voorsanger disagreed, and called the characters "two different aspects of Greg's personality".[16] Steve Purcell has stated that he contributed character designs to the game.[17]

Reception
Reception
Review scores
PublicationScore
Mean Machines87%[7]
MegaTech87%[18]
Mega91%[19]
Sega Pro93%[20]

ToeJam & Earl received positive reviews,[15] which Bill Paris of UGO described as "almost unanimous critical acclaim".[21] However, Sega deemed it a commercial failure due to low initial sales. The game built a cult following through word of mouth,[15] and it was further aided by the Sega Genesis's Christmas 1991 sales spike, caused by the release of Sonic the Hedgehog.[4] ToeJam & Earl was later considered a "cult" success.[15] According to Ken Horowitz (2016, p. 74) author of Playing the Next Level: A History of American Sega Games, "In all, the game sold 350,000 copies for Sega, a remarkable feat for such an unconventional title on a fledgling console."[22] Entertainment Weekly picked the game as the #9 greatest game available in 1991, saying: "Simply hilarious, from the Warner Bros. cartoon-inspired sound effects to the rap songs players can improvise while using the control pad. "[23]

Mean Machines found the game addictive and original, but found fault with its slow-paced combat.[7] One of the reviewers said, "Not everyone will like it—it's not normal enough for mass appeal—but I think it's destined to become a massive cult classic".[7] GamePro called the game's originality "incredible", and praised its graphics, music and humor.[24] MegaTech praised the graphics, and the 2-player option, and said the game was "great fun - pure and simple".

Mega said that it was "An OK game, but one which becomes completely essential when played with someone else. Got any friends? Buy this. Haven't got any friends? Buy this and make some". The game also appeared at number 26 on its list of the best games of all time.[25] Entertainment Weekly praised the "absolutely hilarious" sound effects and music.[26] Jeff Csatari of Boys' Life called it "another hot game" for the Sega Genesis, alongside Sonic the Hedgehog.[27] Ed Martinez of Game Informer commended the game's soundtrack and unique concept, but found it to be too easy.[28]

A review published in both the Chicago Tribune and Rome News-Tribune likened ToeJam and Earl to "an outer-space, rap version of Abbott and Costello". The reviewers called it "the funniest game we've seen in a long time", and praised its soundtrack, graphics and action.[8][29]

The Toronto Star acclaimed the game's "hilariously designed split-screen two-player mode", and said, "If you've got a Sega-Genesis system, you simply must check out [this] awesome rap 'n' roll game".[30] Sega Visions praised the game's "no-repetitive action" and said, "This is the zaniest game that ever rocked Sega's Genesis system."[31] Several months after the game's release, Mega ranked it the 13th best Sega Genesis game in its All-Time Top 100 feature. The magazine praised the game's "superbly manic and zany action", and deemed it both "original and insane".[32] The Channel 4 video game programme GamesMaster gave the game a 70% rating.

ToeJam & Earl was re-released on the Nintendo Wii's Virtual Console in 2006.[11] Official Nintendo Magazine scored the game 85%, and praised its humor, originality and two-player mode. However, the reviewer believed that the game's enjoyability had diminished with time.[33] GameSpot felt that the game's 1990s idioms were dated, but that the gameplay—particularly the two-player mode—was still enjoyable by modern standards.[11] Jeremy Parish of 1UP found the game's two-player co-operative mode more enjoyable than its single-player, and described the graphics and sound as "oddly primitive". Parish considered it "one of the best games to hit VC to date".[14] Eurogamer's reviewer negatively received the game, and believed its gameplay to be unsatisfying and overly slow.[6] IGN called the game's visuals a "mixed bag" and derided the slow pace, but praised its unpredictability and believed that its sound design was "one thing you absolutely can't fault".[34]

Legacy

ToeJam and Earl became "one of Sega's second tier mascots, alongside Sonic",[35] and one of the Sega Genesis's "key exclusive franchises".[36] The characters appeared in a spin-off light gun game, Ready, Aim, Tomatoes, developed by Johnson Voorsanger Productions as one of six mini-games for the Menacer 6-game cartridge.[4] In early 1992, the developers began work on a sequel to ToeJam & Earl, and spent three months expanding on the original game's concept by adding indoor areas and more terrain types.[4] Sega was not impressed by the sequel, and believed it to be unmarketable. The team redesigned it as a platform game, as Sega was inclined to publish games in this genre.[4][15] The game, titled ToeJam & Earl in Panic on Funkotron, was highly anticipated, and was a commercial and critical success when it released in 1993. However, fans of the original game were disappointed by the change in design to a perceived generic style.[4] Due to poor North American sales of the Sega Saturn, Sega's next generation video game console, the ToeJam & Earl franchise was neglected. A ToeJam & Earl game planned for the Dreamcast was cancelled (a beta of the game was preserved, and on Christmas Day 2013 released on the internet by enthusiasts), but a third installment, ToeJam & Earl III: Mission to Earth, was released for the Xbox in 2002. The release returned to the concepts of the original game, but generated mixed reviews and poor sales.[4][15] A new ToeJam & Earl game is currently in development by HumaNature Studios.[37]

ToeJam & Earl has been called "weird",[11] "strange",[7][14] and "thoroughly odd".[6] Critics have difficulty in determining a genre for the game;[4] it has been called a platform game and Roguelike,[7][12] as well as action and action-adventure.[11][34] While ToeJam & Earl's success did not match that of the Sega Genesis's other popular titles, it has been considered a "classic",[5][11] and a "cult" game.[15][21] Prior to ToeJam & Earl III's conception, research by its developers found that the original ToeJam & Earl was preferred over its sequel.[4][38] In an IGN survey, 65% of respondents cited it as their favorite of the three games.[39] The game was set to be re-released on Xbox Live Arcade after winning a poll arranged by Sega,[40] but this became uncertain because Johnson owns the rights to the characters rather than Sega. The game, along with its sequel, was announced as part of Sega Vintage Collection series for release on November 7, 2012, to be released individually on PlayStation Network and as a collection on Xbox Live Arcade.[41] The notion of a ToeJam & Earl game for the Nintendo DS failed to generate interest from publishers, but Johnson has reiterated the possibility of such a game in the future.[42] Greg Johnson would later be able to give Toejam and Earl a comeback with a new game called Toejam & Earl: Back in the Groove, which was made by his own independent game developing company HumaNature Studios, and was also made possible by Kickstarter fundraising. Greg Johnson said he was able to make a new ToeJam and Earl game without needing a publisher, since the popularity of downloadable independent games, but Adult Swim Games came to publish the game as well as for retail copies.[43][44] Childish Gambino's single has an off-handed reference to Toejam and Earl in the song "Bonfire".

gollark: Just try 00000, FFFFFF, AAAAAA, 42 and all that.
gollark: Can't just be 0xAAAAAAAA or whatever for RSA, it's two primes.
gollark: Who's going to check?
gollark: No, you just *guess* what it is.
gollark: You can exchange it for Freedom Dollars\™ and stuff.

References
  1. "GamePro Volume 3, Number 9 pg. 62". Sega Retro. September 1991. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  2. "Sega Power Issue 24 pg. 10". Sega Retro. November 1991. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  3. "トージャム＆アール". Wii(R) バーチャルコンソール メガドライブ 公式サイト (in Japanese). Sega. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  4. Fahs, Travis (January 15, 2009). "Funkotronics 101". IGN. pp. 1–3. Retrieved December 4, 2016.
  5. Hansen, David (April 7, 2009). "Unsung Heroes: ToeJam and Earl". Minneapolis City Pages. Retrieved April 14, 2009.
  6. Reed, Kristan (January 23, 2007). "Virtual Console: SEGA Mega Drive". Eurogamer. p. 2. Retrieved April 8, 2009.
  7. Julian Rignall and Edward "Rad" Laurence, "Mega Drive Review: ToeJam & Earl", Mean Machines, Nov 1991 (issue 14), pp. 106–08
  8. Chip and Jonathan Carter, "Inside the Video Games", Rome News-Tribune, Dec 17, 1991, Young Romans Supplement p. 5
  9. ToeJam: "We were cruisin' in our rocket, thumpin' out a funky beat, when big Earl said he'd like a shot in the driver's seat ... You should never let Earl drive. Yo, so here we are, chillin' out on the most insane planet in the galaxy, planet Earth! Thanks to Earl ... All we have to do now, is find the 10 pieces of our rocketship and we can jet outta here. No problem."
  10. ToeJam & Earl, Sega, 1991
  11. Gerstmann, Jeff (January 23, 2007). "ToeJam & Earl Review". GameSpot. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  12. Harris, John (January 14, 2008). "Game Design Essentials: 20 Mysterious Games". Gamasutra. p. 12. Retrieved April 8, 2009.
  13. UGO's Guide to the Galaxy, UGO, Accessed Apr 8, 2009
  14. Jeremy Parish, Retro Roundup: Saturnalia Edition, 1UP, Dec 29, 2006, Accessed Apr 13, 2009
  15. Wallis, Alistair (November 16, 2006). "Playing Catch Up: ToeJam & Earl's Greg Johnson". Gamasutra. Retrieved April 6, 2009.
  16. "Jammin' Out With Greg Johnson and Mark Voorsanger", Sega Visions, May/June 1992, pp. 38–39
  17. Cifaldi, Frank; Carless, Simon (July 25, 2005). "Playing Catch-Up: Steve Purcell". Gamasutra. Retrieved April 6, 2009.
  18. MegaTech, May 1992 (issue 5), p. 78
  19. Mega, June 1993 (issue 9), p. 23
  20. Marshal M Rosenthal, Sega Pro, Nov 1991 (issue 1), p. 63
  21. Bill Paris, Funkotronic Alien Invasion?!, UGO, Accessed Apr 10, 2009
  22. Horowitz, K. 2017. Playing the Next Level: A History of American Sega Games. McFarland Publishing
  23. https://ew.com/article/1991/11/22/video-games-guide/
  24. "Genesis Pro Review: ToeJam & Earl", GamePro, 16 Bit Buyer's Guide February 1992, pp. 56–57
  25. Mega, Oct 1992 (issue 1), p. 76
  26. Bob Strauss, Is 'Zap' All There Is?, Entertainment Weekly, Nov 22, 1991, Accessed Apr 14, 2009
  27. Jeff Csatari, "New Video Games", Boys' Life, Dec 1991, p. 44
  28. Ed Martinez, "Sega's ToeJam & Earl 'Yo! What's up?'", Game Informer, Nov/Dec 1991 (issue 2), p. 4
  29. Chip & Jonathan Carter, "2 of the best and the brightest, just in time for Christmas", Chicago Tribune, Dec 20, 1991, p. 62
  30. Kym Adams, "Video Games", The Toronto Star, Dec 28, 1991, p. V6
  31. "ToeJam & Earl", Sega Visions, Summer 1991 (issue 5), p. 18
  32. Stuart Campbell, "Mega All-Time Top 100", Mega, July 1992
  33. "Wii Shop Rated", Official Nintendo Magazine, Sept 2008 (issue 33), p. 129
  34. Lucas M. Thomas, ToeJam & Earl VC Review, IGN, Jan 24, 2007, Accessed Apr 14, 2009
  35. Chris Johnston, Too Much Funk for GT, GameSpot, Apr 23, 1999, Accessed Apr 13, 2009
  36. Staff, The Wednesday 10: Ill-Fated Franchise Reboots, IGN, Jan 28, 2009, Accessed Apr 13, 2009
  37. Phillips, Tom (5 February 2015). "ToeJam & Earl game teased by Doki-Doki Universe dev". Eurogamer. Gamer Network. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  38. Sam Kennedy, ToeJam & Earl Go PlayStation 2, GameSpot, June 2, 1999, Accessed Apr 14, 2009
  39. Levi Buchanan, ToeJam & Earl Favorites, IGN, Jan 20, 2009, Accessed Apr 14, 2009
  40. Toejam & Earl gets XBLA re-release, Computer and Video Games, Aug 24, 2009, Accessed Oct 12, 2009
  41. Jeffrey Matulef, ToeJam & Earl and its sequel rocket skate onto XBLA and PSN next month, Eurogamer, Oct 10, 2012, Accessed Oct 11, 2012
  42. Brian Ashcraft, Catching Up With Toejam & Earl, Kotaku, Nov 10, 2009, Accessed Nov 10, 2009
  43. "Toejam and Earl: Back in the Groove". Kickstarter. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  44. "ToeJam & Earl: Back in the Groove coming 2017 from Adult Swim". polygon.com. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
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