Tobacco etch virus

Tobacco etch virus (TEV) is a plant pathogenic virus[1] in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae. Like other members of the Potyvirus genus, TEV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made from a single viral encoded protein. The virus is a filamentous particle that measures about 730 nm in length. It is transmissible in a non-persistent manner by more than 10 species of aphids including Myzus persicae. It also is easily transmitted by mechanical means but is not known to be transmitted by seeds.[2]

Tobacco etch virus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Stelpaviricetes
Order: Patatavirales
Family: Potyviridae
Genus: Potyvirus
Species:
Tobacco etch virus
Synonyms

datura Z virus
tobacco severe etch virus
tomato etch virus

Host range

This virus infects many species of Solanaceae. Agriculturally important crops that it infects include several species of Capsicum (i.e. C. annuum, C. frutescens), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), and tobacco (Nicotiana spp.).

It also infects many perennial weed species that can act as virus reservoirs for susceptible agricultural crops. These weed species include Solanum nigrum (nightshade), S. aculeatissimum (soda apple), Chenopodium album (pigweed), Datura stramonium (jimson weed), Linaria canadensis (blue toadflax), and Physalis spp. (ground cherry). Thus, recommendations for the control of this virus include the control of weeds in and around susceptible solanaceous crops.[3]

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms seen on plants infected with this virus can vary depending on the plant. However typical symptoms include vein clearing, mottling, and necrotic lines or etching. Symptoms can occur on leaves and fruit and the plants can become stunted. [4] (See this reference for pictures of symptoms. )

Like other potyviruses, TEV makes viral inclusions that can be seen in the light microscope if properly stained.[5][6][7] This particular potyvirus makes two kinds of inclusions that can be diagnostic in a known host. One of the inclusions is the cylindrical inclusions found in the cytoplasm of infected cells and the second inclusion is found in the nucleus. Neither inclusion type stains in the nucleic acid stain (AzureA).

Inclusions of Tobacco etch virus (in various hosts).

Geographic distribution

TEV appears to be a virus that evolved in the New World.[8] It has been reported from Canada, the USA (including Hawaii), Mexico and Puerto Rico in North America and from Venezuela in South America.(2)

Beyond plant disease

Potyvirus RNA codes for at least 7 different proteins.[9] One of them is a protease. The TEV protease is a highly site-specific protease that biochemists have used to their advantage to create a protein purification system by incorporating TEV protease's recognition site into protein purification tags.

A gene construct is created containing the protein of interest fused to a TEV protease recognition site, followed by an affinity tag, such as a Polyhistidine-tag. Following affinity chromatography, the purified protein is then treated with TEV protease. TEV protease cleaves at its recognition site, removing the affinity tag. This allows for affinity purification of proteins that are not well-behaved when fused to protein tags.[10]

gollark: Seems fine. There are macros for that now, though.
gollark: Doing more work is not a virtue.
gollark: If you can do the same thing with less code and there's not a significant loss, that is a *good* thing.
gollark: Rust *good*, however Python better in this situation.
gollark: Python has more library support for the various useful tasks I need.

References
  1. "About Plant Viruses / Material and Methods for the Detection of Viral Inclusions / Florida Plant Viruses and Their Inclusions / Science / Plant Industry / Divisions & Offices / Home - Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services". www.freshfromflorida.com.
  2. Antoniw, John. "Show DPV and Refs in Frame". www.dpvweb.net.
  3. L. L. Breman (July 1987). "Tobacco Etch Virus" (PDF). Plant Pathology Circular No. 297 Fla. Dept. Agric. & Consumer Serv. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
  4. "Tobacco Etch Virus Potyvirus TEV". www.invasive.org.
  5. "Material and Methods for the Detection of Viral Inclusions / Florida Plant Viruses and Their Inclusions / Science / Plant Industry / Divisions & Offices / Home - Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services". www.freshfromflorida.com. Archived from the original on 2014-10-13.
  6. Christie, R.G. and Edwardson, J.R. (1977). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 9, 150 pp.
  7. "Diagnosis / Material and Methods for the Detection of Viral Inclusions / Florida Plant Viruses and Their Inclusions / Science / Plant Industry / Divisions & Offices / Home - Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services". www.freshfromflorida.com.
  8. Gibbs A, Ohshima K (2010). "Potyviruses and the digital revolution". Annu Rev Phytopathol. 48: 205–23. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-073009-114404. PMID 20438367.
  9. Adam C. Winterhalter. "Potyvirus". Archived from the original on 2005-07-20.
  10. Jenny RJ, Mann KG, Lundblad RL (2003). "A critical review of the methods for cleavage of fusion proteins with thrombin and factor Xa". Protein Expr. Purif. 31 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1016/S1046-5928(03)00168-2. PMID 12963335.
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