Tin telluride

Tin telluride is a compound of tin and tellurium (SnTe); is a IV-VI narrow band gap semiconductor and has direct band gap of 0.18 eV. It is often alloyed with lead to make lead tin telluride, which is used as an infrared detector material.

Tin telluride[1]
Names
IUPAC name
Tin telluride
Other names
Tin(II) telluride, Stannous telluride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ECHA InfoCard 100.031.728
Properties
SnTe
Molar mass 246.31 g/mol
Appearance gray cubic crystals
Density 6.445 g/cm3 [2]
Melting point 790 °C (1,450 °F; 1,060 K)
Band gap 0.18 eV [3]
Electron mobility 500 cm2 V−1 s−1
Structure
Halite (cubic), cF8
Fm3m, No. 225
a = 0.63 nm
Octahedral (Sn2+)
Octahedral (Se2−)
Thermochemistry
185 J K−1 kg−1
Related compounds
Other anions
 Tin(II) oxide
Tin(II) sulfide
Tin selenide
Other cations
 Carbon monotelluride
Silicon monotelluride
Germanium telluride
Lead telluride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Tin telluride normally forms p-type semiconductor (Extrinsic semiconductor) due to tin vacancies and is a low temperature superconductor.[4]

SnTe exists in 3 crystal phases. At Low temperatures, where the concentration of hole carriers is less than 1.5x1020 cm−3 , Tin Telluride exists in rhombohedral phase also known as α-SnTe. At room temperature and atmospheric pressure, Tin Telluride exists in NaCl-like cubic crystal phase, known as β-SnTe. While at 18 kbar pressure, β-SnTe transforms to γ-SnTe, orthorhombic phase, space group Pnma.[5] This phase change is characterized by 11 percent increase in density and 360 percent increase in resistance for γ-SnTe.[6]

Tin telluride is a thermoelectric material. Theoretical studies imply that the n-type performance may be particularly good.[7]

Thermal properties

Applications

Generally Pb is alloyed with SnTe in order to access interesting optical and electronic properties, In addition, as a result of Quantum confinement, the band gap of the SnTe increases beyond the bulk band gap, covering the mid-IR wavelength range. The alloyed material has been used in mid- IR photodetectors [9] and thermoelectric generator.[10]

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References
  1. Lide, David R. (1998), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 4–90, ISBN 978-0-8493-0594-8
  2. Beattie, A. G., J. Appl. Phys., 40, 4818–4821, 1969.
  3. O. Madelung, U. Rössler, M. Schulz; SpringerMaterials; sm_lbs_978-3-540-31360-1_859 (Springer-Verlag GmbH, Heidelberg, 1998), http://materials.springer.com/lb/docs/sm_lbs_978-3-540-31360-1_859;
  4. Hein, R.; Meijer, P. (1969). "Critical Magnetic Fields of Superconducting SnTe". Physical Review. 179 (2): 497. Bibcode:1969PhRv..179..497H. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.179.497.
  5. "Tin telluride (Sn Te) crystal structure, lattice parameters". Non-Tetrahedrally Bonded Elements and Binary Compounds I. Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter. 41C. 1998. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1007/10681727_862. ISBN 978-3-540-64583-2.
  6. Kafalas, J. A.; Mariano, A. N., High-Pressure Phase Transition in Tin Telluride. Science 1964, 143 (3609), 952-952
  7. Singh, D. J. (2010). "THERMOPOWER OF SnTe FROM BOLTZMANN TRANSPORT CALCULATIONS". Functional Materials Letters. 03 (4): 223–226. arXiv:1006.4151. doi:10.1142/S1793604710001299.
  8. Colin, R.; Drowart, J., Thermodynamic study of tin selenide and tin telluride using a mass spectrometer. Transactions of the Faraday Society 1964, 60 (0), 673-683, DOI: 10.1039/TF9646000673.
  9. Lovett, D. R. Semimetals and narrow-bandgap semiconductors; Pion Limited: London, 1977; Chapter 7.
  10. Das, V. D.; Bahulayan, C., Variation of electrical transport properties and thermoelectric figure of merit with thickness in 1% excess Te-doped Pb 0.2 Sn 0.8 Te thin films. Semiconductor Science and Technology 1995, 10 (12), 1638.
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