Thomas Burgh of Gainsborough

Sir Thomas Burgh (pronounced: Borough), KG (c. 1431 – 18 March 1496) was an English gentleman.

Sir Thomas Burgh
1st Baron Burgh of Gainsborough
Born	c. 1431 Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England
Died	18 March 1496
Buried	Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England
Spouse(s)	Margaret de Ros
Issue Edward Burgh Thomas Burgh Margaret Burgh Elizabeth Burgh Anne Burgh
Father	Thomas Burgh
Mother	Elizabeth Percy

In records, the peerage, and genealogy books he is shown as being created 1st Lord Burgh, of Gainsborough {England by writ} on 1 September 1487. He was several times summoned to Parliament, but never sat; whether he held a hereditary peerage is not clear; fifteenth century records treat him as a knight. His son was never summoned to Parliament (because he was found insane in 1510); his grandson was summoned and sat in the House of Lords, but sixteenth century records treat this as a new creation in 1529 after the death of his father. When the Burgh peerage was drawn out of abeyance in 1916, however, it was given precedence as of 1487. He had noble ancestors on both sides: his mother was one of the daughters of Sir Henry Percy, who was in turn grandson to Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, and to David of Strathbogie, Earl of Atholl, descended from the ancient Mormaers of Atholl.[1]

The Burgh family sprang from Hubert de Burgh, younger son of Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent, and his wife Beatrice de Warrenne, daughter of William de Warrenne, Lord of Wormegay, and Beatrice de Pierrepont.[2] The Burghs were rich, flamboyant and powerful people. Thomas was in great favour with the King as many offices, positions, land grants, and pensions were bestowed upon him.

Career

Thomas was Esquire of the Body to King Edward IV of England and by Christmas 1462, Thomas was created a Knight by the King and a Privy Councillor. Sir Thomas slowly became the King's chief man in Lincolnshire where he held manors, land, tenements from Northumberland (from his mother's inheritance, which he shared with her sister Margaret, Baroness Grey of Codnor) through Westmorland, Yorkshire, and Lincolnshire, down to his wife's dower lands in Somerset. Thomas became a rich man who was backed by the King and soon found himself giving advice and legal help to the people of Lincolnshire as well as becoming their Sheriff in 1460 and their representative in Parliament.

It was Sir Thomas Burgh with Sir Thomas Stanley who rescued King Edward IV from the Earl of Warwick whom the Earl had kept prisoner in his castle of Middleham. In 1471, when Edward IV came to reclaim his throne it was Sir Thomas who was first to rally to his side. Sir Thomas fought at the battles of Barnet and Tewkesbury.[2]

After the unexpected death of Edward IV, Sir Thomas was courted by King Richard III of England. Thomas initially support King Richard, but was more interested in securing the future of Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, who would become King in 1485. Although Thomas fought in the Battle of Bosworth, his role was kept secret by chroniclers and Thomas was soon in good standing with the new King. After his accession to the throne, King Henry confirmed Thomas as Knight of the Body and Privy Councillor.

Gainsborough Old Hall

Gainsborough Old Hall Tower

In 1460, Sir Thomas built the great Old Hall in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire. Gainsborough Old Hall was not only their home, but also a demonstration of their wealth and importance. Sir Thomas was a great benefactor to Newark Church and also the founder of the Chantry and Alms House at Gainsborough. In 1470, the manor was attacked by Sir Robert Welles over a clash about lands, status, and honour, but it was not severely damaged. It was in 1484 that Sir Thomas entertained King Richard III in his hall. Today, the Hall with its elaborate timber roof survives as well as the kitchen—possibly the most complete medieval kitchen in England. The Hall is over five hundred years old and one of the best preserved medieval manor houses in England.[3]

Marriage

Sir Thomas married Margaret de Ros (1432–1488) widow of William de Botreaux, 3rd Baron Botreaux (1389–1462). Margaret was the daughter of Sir Thomas de Ros, 8th Baron de Ros, and Lady Eleanor Beauchamp, second daughter of Richard Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick, and Elizabeth Berkeley. Lady Eleanor was an older paternal half-sister of Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick, and Anne Neville, Countess of Warwick. After the death of the 9th Baron Ros, Margaret's mother, Lady Eleanor, married Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, thus making Margaret a maternal half-sister of the Duke of Somerset.[4][5]

Sir Thomas and Margaret had the following children:

• Edward Burgh, 2nd Baron Burgh, married Anne Cobham, daughter of Thomas Cobham, 5th Baron Cobham, and Lady Anne Stafford, and had issue.[5] His grandson, Sir Edward Burgh, would marry Catherine Parr; later Queen consort of King Henry VIII.[6][7]
• Elizabeth Burgh (d. 1 August 1507), married Richard FitzHugh, 6th Lord FitzHugh and secondly Sir Henry Willoughby.[5]
• Margaret Burgh (d. before April 1493), married Sir George Tailboys.[5] Like her brother Edward, Lord Burgh, her husband Sir George was found to be a lunatic, in 1531.[8]
• Thomas Burgh[5]
• Anne Burgh[5]

Death and succession

Lord Thomas died on 18 March 1496. He was buried next to his wife, Margaret, in the family vault in Holy Trinity Church, Gainsborough.

References

1. Complete Peerage, Vol. II, pp. 422–3; Vol. IV, App. H. The normal requirements for recognition of a barony by writ are that a man receive a writ for a valid Parliament (one including the Commons) and that he sit by virtue of that writ.
2. Sir Bernard Burke. A genealogical history of the dormant, abeyant, forfeited, and extinct peerages of the British empire. Harrison, 1866. p. 90.
3. John Julius Norwich. Treasures of Britain; the architectural, cultural, historical and natural heritage of Britain. W. W. Norton & Company, 2002. p. 262.
4. George Edward Cokayne. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, Vol. II, p. 422.
5. Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 503.
6. Linda Porter. Katherine, the Queen. Macmillan. 2010. pp. 49, 53.
7. James, Susan E. Catherine Parr: Henry VIII's Last Love, Gloucestershire, England: The History Press, 2009. pp. 60–63.
8. M. E. James, "Obedience and Dissent in Henrician England: The Lincolnshire Rebellion, 1536", Past and Present, 48 (August 1970), 3–78.

External links

• Thomas, Lord Burgh's Retinue – Historical Interpretation and Living History from the Wars of the Roses 1460–1490, the household of Lord and Lady Burgh.
• Biography of Sir Thomas "Borough" Burgh *Note, there is no source and the information on the top part of the page is not entirely correct.
• Official Gainsborough Old Hall Website Official information on admissions, events and history
• Friends of Gainsborough Old Hall – published by Friends of the Old Hall Association.
• English Heritage, Gainsborough Old Hall – English Heritage
• Pictures of Gainsborough Old Hall – published by the Lincolnshire Council.

Political offices
Preceded by	Master of the Duchy of Lancaster 1461-?	Succeeded by
Preceded by	Steward of the Honour of Bolingbroke 3 December 1461 – 18 March 1496	Succeeded by
Preceded by	Constable of Lincoln Castle 3 December 1461 – 18 March 1496	Succeeded by
Preceded by John Marmyon	High Sheriff of Lincolnshire 1461	Succeeded by Thomas Blount
Court offices
Preceded by John Beauchamp	Master of the Horse	Succeeded by John Cheyne
Peerage of England
New creation	Baron Burgh 1 September 1487 – 18 March 1496	Extinct