Thiocarbonate

Thiocarbonate describes a family of anions with the general chemical formula CS
3−xO2−
x (x = 0, 1, or 2). Like the carbonate dianion, the thiocarbonates are planar, with carbon at the center. The average bond order from C to S or O is ​1 1⁄3. The state of protonation is usually not specified. These anions are good nucleophiles and good ligands.[1]

Organic compounds containing divalent functional groups similar to these anions are also called thiocarbonates.

Monothiocarbonate

Monothiocarbonate is the dianion CO2S2−, which has C2v symmetry. Monothiocarbonate arises by the hydrolysis of thiophosgene or the reaction of base with carbonyl sulfide:

COS + 2 NaOH → Na2CO2S + H2O

Dithiocarbonates

Dithiocarbonate is the dianion COS2−
2, which has C2v symmetry. It arises from the reaction of aqueous base with carbon disulfide:

CS2 + 2 NaOH → Na2COS2 + H2O

Important derivatives of dithiocarbonates are the xanthates (O-esters of dithiocarbonates), with the formula ROCS−
2. These salts are typically prepared by the reaction of sodium alkoxides with carbon disulfide.

Another group of dithiocarbonates have the formula (RS)2CO.[2] They are often derived by hydrolysis of the corresponding trithiocarbonates (RS)2CS. One example is tetrathiapentalenedione, a heterocycle that consists of two dithiocarbonate groups.

Trithiocarbonates

Trithiocarbonate is the dianion CS2−
3, which has D3h symmetry. Trithiocarbonate is derived from the reaction of sulfide sources with carbon disulfide:[3]

CS2 + 2 NaSH → Na2CS3 + H2S

Dimethyl trithiocarbonate, (CH3S)2CS, is organic and co-valent, not ionic.

Perthiocarbonates

Addition of sulfur to trithiocarbonate gives the perthiocarbonate anion CS2−
4, which contains one sulfur–sulfur bond.[4]

Perthiocarbonic acid (or tetrathioperoxycarbonic acid / disulfanylmethanedithioic acid / CAS#13074-70-9[5]) has never been synthesized in the pure form but only as a dark brown solution.[6]

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References
  1. Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
  2. Perumalreddy Chandrasekaran, James P. Donahue (2009). "Synthesis of 4,5-Dimethyl-1,3-dithiol-2-one". Org. Synth. 86: 333. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.086.0333.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  3. R. E. Strube (1959). "Trithiocarbodiglycolic Acid". Org. Synth. 39: 967. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.039.0077.(a procedure for synthesis of K2CS3
  4. Sodium tetrathiocarbonate from PubChem
  5. Tetrathioperoxycarbonic acid from PubChem
  6. A Text-book of Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 7, Issue 2, 1931, p. 269
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