The Warden

The Warden, published in 1855, is the first book in Anthony Trollope's Chronicles of Barsetshire series of six novels. It was his fourth novel.

The Warden

First edition title page
Author	Anthony Trollope
Country	England
Language	English
Series	Chronicles of Barsetshire
Genre	novel
Publisher	Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans[1]
Publication date	5 January 1855[1]
Media type	Print
Followed by	Barchester Towers
Text	The Warden at Wikisource

Synopsis

The Warden concerns Mr Septimus Harding, the meek, elderly warden of Hiram's Hospital and precentor of Barchester Cathedral, in the fictional county of Barsetshire.

Hiram's Hospital is an almshouse supported by a medieval charitable bequest to the Diocese of Barchester. The income maintains the almshouse itself, supports its twelve bedesmen, and, in addition, provides a comfortable abode and living for its warden. Mr Harding was appointed to this position through the patronage of his old friend the Bishop of Barchester, who is also the father of Archdeacon Grantly to whom Harding's older daughter, Susan, is married. The warden, who lives with his remaining child, an unmarried younger daughter Eleanor, performs his duties conscientiously.

The story concerns the impact upon Harding and his circle when a zealous young reformer, John Bold, launches a campaign to expose the disparity in the apportionment of the charity's income between its object, the bedesmen, and its officer, Mr Harding. John Bold embarks on this campaign in a spirit of public duty despite his romantic involvement with Eleanor and previously cordial relations with Mr Harding. Bold starts a lawsuit and Mr Harding is advised by the indomitable Dr Grantly, his son-in-law, to stand his ground.

Bold attempts to enlist the support of the press and engages the interest of The Jupiter (a newspaper representing The Times) whose editor, Tom Towers, pens editorials supporting reform of the charity, and presenting a portrait of Mr Harding as selfish and derelict in his conduct of his office. This image is taken up by commentators Dr Pessimist Anticant, and Mr Popular Sentiment, who have been seen as caricatures of Thomas Carlyle and Charles Dickens respectively.[2]

Ultimately, despite much browbeating by his son-in-law the Archdeacon and the legal opinion solicited from the barrister, Sir Abraham Haphazard, Mr Harding concludes that he cannot in good conscience continue to accept such generous remuneration and resigns the office. John Bold, who has appealed in vain to Tom Towers to redress the injury to Mr Harding, returns to Barchester where he marries Eleanor after halting legal proceedings.

Those of the bedesmen of the hospital who have allowed their appetite for greater income to estrange them from the warden are reproved by their senior member, Bunce, who has been constantly loyal to Harding, whose good care and understanding heart are now lost to them. At the end of the novel the bishop decides that the wardenship of Hiram's Hospital be left vacant, and none of the bedesmen are offered the extra money despite the vacancy of the post. Mr Harding, on the other hand, becomes Rector of St Cuthbert's, a small parish near the Cathedral Close, drawing a much smaller income than before.

Characters of the novel

• Septimus Harding, the quiet, music-loving Warden of Hiram's Hospital, who has two daughters and is also the precentor of Barchester Cathedral. He becomes the centre of a dispute concerning his substantial income as the hospital's warden.
• Archdeacon Grantly, Mr Harding's indefatigable son-in-law, married to Susan Grantley, originally Susan Harding. The archdeacon's father is the Bishop of Barchester. He does not agree with John Bold and stands opposed to his father-in-law relinquishing his office.
• Mrs Susan Grantly, Mr Harding's elder daughter and the Archdeacon's wife.
• John Bold, a young surgeon, a zealous church reformer. He is interested in Eleanor Harding and later drops the suit.
• Mary Bold, John Bold's sister and friend to Eleanor.
• Eleanor Harding, the romantic interest of John Bold, who is Mr Harding's younger daughter.
• Abraham Haphazard, a London barrister of high renown and Attorney General.
• Tom Towers, the editor of the influential newspaper, The Jupiter. He writes an editorial deploring Harding as a greedy clergyman who receives more than he deserves in a sinecure post.
• Bunce, the senior bedesman at Hiram's Hospital, who supports Mr Harding retaining his position.

Historical inspiration

Trollope's tale seems to have taken inspiration from the 1849 enquiries by the Rev. Henry Holloway, a Church reformer and vicar of St Faith's Church, Winchester, into the finances of the Hospital of St Cross, Winchester, and the income derived by the institution's Master, Francis North, 5th Earl of Guilford. North's income, however, was conjectured to be in excess of £2,000 a year(£ 271,010 in 2020), much greater than the £800 (£ 108,404 in 2020) of the fictional Warden Harding.[3] Trollope also makes allusion to the case of Rochester Cathedral Grammar School where in 1849 the headmaster, Robert Whiston, brought a case in the Court of Chancery claiming that the Church of England was misapplying the revenues of many such charitable bequests, including the one funding his own school.[4]

Adaptations

It was adapted as a BBC television mini-series titled The Warden (1951), which was broadcast live and apparently never recorded.

The BBC adapted The Warden and its sequel, Barchester Towers, into the miniseries The Barchester Chronicles (1982). The first two of the seven one-hour episodes are drawn from The Warden and the rest from the much longer Barchester Towers.

Criticism

George Orwell called the novel "probably the most successful" of Trollope's "clerical series", and "one of his best works" but noted that Trollope, though a shrewd critic, was no reformer. "A time-honoured abuse, he held, is frequently less bad than its remedy. He builds Archdeacon Grantly up into a thoroughly odious character, and is well aware of his odiousness, but he still prefers him to John Bold, and the book contains a scarcely veiled attack on Charles Dickens, whose reforming zeal he found it hard to sympathise with."[5]

References

1. Moody, Ellen, Anthony Trollope's Writing Life: A Chronology, Jim & Ellen.
2. "Trollope Parodies Dickens: Mr. Popular Sentiment". Victorian Web. 30 November 2004. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
3. Martin, Robert Bernard (1962). "The Master of St. Cross Hospital". Enter Rumour: Four early Victorian Scandals. London: Faber. ISBN 0571287840.
4. Welsby, Paul A. (1993). Yates, Nigel (ed.). Faith and Fabric: A History of Rochester Cathedral, 604-1994. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell and Brewer. pp. 121–122. ISBN 9780851155814.
5. Orwell, George, "I Have Tried to Tell the Truth", Manchester Evening News, Collected Works, p. 450.

External links

• The Warden Full details of the plot and all the characters in The Warden
• The Warden public domain audiobook at LibriVox