The King of Limbs

The King of Limbs is the eighth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead. It was self-released on 18 February 2011 as a download, followed by a physical release on 28 March through XL Recordings internationally and TBD Records in North America.

The King of Limbs
Studio album by
Radiohead
Released18 February 2011 (2011-02-18)
RecordedMay 2009 – January 2011
StudioHome of Drew Barrymore (Los Angeles, California)
Genre
Length37:34
LabelXL
ProducerNigel Godrich
Radiohead chronology
In Rainbows - From the Basement
(2008)		 The King of Limbs
(2011)		 TKOL RMX 1234567
(2011)
Radiohead studio album chronology
In Rainbows
(2007)		 The King of Limbs
(2011)		 A Moon Shaped Pool
(2016)
Singles from The King of Limbs
  1. "Lotus Flower"
    Released: 16 February 2011 (promotional)

Following the protracted recording and more conventional instrumentation of In Rainbows (2007), Radiohead and their longtime producer Nigel Godrich developed The King of Limbs through sampling and looping. Singer Thom Yorke described the album as "an expression of wildness and mutation". The artwork, by Yorke and longtime collaborator Stanley Donwood, depicts nature and spirits inspired by fairy tales.

Radiohead released no singles from The King of Limbs, but released a music video for "Lotus Flower" featuring Yorke's dancing that spawned an internet meme. In 2012, they began an international tour, with several festival appearances. The European tour was postponed after the temporary stage collapsed in Toronto’s Downsview Park, killing a technician and injuring three others.

The King of Limbs was named one of the best albums of the year by publications including The Wire, NME and PopMatters. It was nominated for five categories at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards, including the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album. The download version sold an estimated 300,000 to 400,000 copies in two months, and the vinyl became a bestseller in the UK. The retail edition debuted at number seven on the UK Albums Chart and number six on the US Billboard 200. The King of Limbs was followed by the remix album TKOL RMX 1234567, the live video The King of Limbs: Live from the Basement, and the outtakes "Supercollider" and "The Butcher".

Recording
Multi-instrumentalist and programmer Jonny Greenwood wrote sampler software used to create The King of Limbs.

Radiohead worked on The King of Limbs with longtime producer Nigel Godrich intermittently from May 2009 to January 2011.[1] It included three weeks recording at the home of actress Drew Barrymore in Los Angeles[2][3] in early 2010.[4]

Radiohead wanted to avoid repeating the protracted recording process of their previous album In Rainbows (2007).[5] According to singer Thom Yorke, the band felt that "if we are gonna carry on, we need to do it for a new set of reasons".[6] Cover artist Stanley Donwood said that whereas In Rainbows was "very much a definitive statement", the band wanted to make an album that was more "transitory".[7] Multi-instrumentalist Jonny Greenwood said: "We didn't want to pick up guitars and write chord sequences. We didn't want to sit in front of a computer either. We wanted a third thing, which involved playing and programming."[1]

Whereas Radiohead developed In Rainbows from live performance, The King of Limbs developed from studio experimentation.[8] Yorke sought to move further from conventional recording methods.[1] After he and Godrich became interested in DJing during their time in Los Angeles, Godrich proposed a two-week experiment whereby the band used turntables and vinyl emulation software instead of conventional instruments.[1] According to Godrich, "That two-week experiment ended up being fucking six months. And that’s that record, the whole story of all of it."[9]

Radiohead assembled much of the album by looping and editing samples of their playing.[1][10] They used sampling software written by Greenwood, which he described as a "wonky, rubbish version" of Ableton Live,[11] to create sequences of music. Yorke wrote melodies and lyrics over the sequences,[12] which he likened to the process to editing a film.[13] Guitarist Ed O'Brien said: "The brick walls we tended to hit were when we knew something was great, like 'Bloom', but not finished ... Then [Colin Greenwood] had that bassline, and Thom started singing. Those things suddenly made it a hundred times better."[1] According to Godrich, the result of the recording sessions was "a huge and gigantic mess that took me about a year and a half to unravel".[14]

On 24 January 2010, Radiohead suspended recording to perform at the Hollywood Henry Fonda Theatre to raise funds for Oxfam responding to the 2010 Haiti earthquake. The show was released free online in December 2010 as Radiohead for Haiti,[15] and included a performance of the future King of Limbs track "Lotus Flower" by Yorke on acoustic guitar.[15]

Music and lyrics

According to Rolling Stone, The King of Limbs saw Radiohead move further from conventional rock music and song structures in favour of "moody, rhythm-heavy electronica, glacially paced ballads and ambient psychedelia".[16] Several critics noted dubstep influences.[17][18][19] The album makes prominent use of sampling, looping, and ambient sounds,[20][21][22] incorporating natural sounds such as birdsong and wind.[23] Pitchfork described its music as "aggressive rhythms made out of dainty bits of digital detritus, robotically repetitive yet humanly off-kilter, parched thickets of drumming graced with fleeting moments of melodic relief".[24] According to O'Brien: "Rhythm is the king of limbs! The rhythm dictates the record. It's very important."[25]

The album title derives from the King of Limbs, an ancient tree in Savernake Forest, Wiltshire.

The first track, "Bloom", was inspired by the BBC nature documentary series The Blue Planet.[26] It opens with a piano loop and features horns and complex rhythms.[23][27] "Morning Mr Magpie" has "restless guitars".[23] "Little by Little" features "crumbling guitar shapes" and "clattering" percussion.[27] "Feral" features scattered vocal samples[21] and "mulched-up" drums.[27] "Lotus Flower" features a driving synth bassline and Yorke's falsetto.[23] "Codex" is a piano ballad with "spectral" horns and strings[23] and a Roland TR-808 drum machine.[2] "Give Up the Ghost" is an acoustic guitar ballad with layered vocal harmonies.[23] The final track, "Separator", has guitar and piano, a "brittle" drum loop, and echoing vocals.[23]

Yorke said he felt The King of Limbs was a "visual" album, with lyrics and artwork about "wildness" and "mutating" inspired by his environmental concerns.[28] The album title derives from the King of Limbs, an ancient oak tree in Savernake Forest in Wiltshire, near Tottenham House, where Radiohead recorded In Rainbows.[29]

At eight tracks and 37 minutes in length, The King of Limbs is Radiohead's shortest album.[30] O'Brien explained that Radiohead felt the ideal album was around 40 minutes long, and cited Marvin Gaye's What's Going On (1971) as a classic record shorter than The King of Limbs.[31]

Artwork and packaging

The artwork was created by Yorke with longtime Radiohead collaborator Stanley Donwood.[32] Donwood intended to paint oil portraits of the Radiohead members in the style of Gerhard Richter, but abandoned the idea as "I'd never painted with oils before and I'm not Gerhard Richter so it was just a series of painted disasters".[33] As with previous Radiohead albums, Donwood worked on the artwork as the band recorded nearby; the music made Donwood think of "immense multicoloured cathedrals of trees, with music echoing from the branches whilst strange fauna lurked in the fog".[34] Donwood and Yorke drew trees with eyes, limbs, mouths, and familiars,[34] creating "strange, multi-limbed creatures that are neither malevolent or benevolent", inspired by Northern European fairy tales.[35]

For the special "newspaper" edition of The King of Limbs, Donwood wanted to create something "in a state of flux".[34] He chose newspaper, which fades in sunlight, for its "ephemeral nature";[35] this reflected the album's nature themes, mirroring the natural decay of living things.[34] He also took inspiration from weekend broadsheets[35] and radical 1960s newspapers and magazines.[34] The special edition was nominated for the Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package in the 54th Grammy Awards.[36]

Release

Radiohead announced The King of Limbs on their website on 14 February 2011.[37] It was released on 18 February, a day early, as the website was ready ahead of schedule.[16] The download version was sold for £6,[38] with a special edition of the album, released 9 May 2011, sold for £30.[38] The special edition contains the album on CD and two 10-inch vinyl records, additional artwork, a special record sleeve, and a "colour piece of oxo-degradable plastic package".[38] The King of Limbs was released on CD and vinyl by XL Recordings in the United Kingdom, TBD in the United States, and Hostess Entertainment in Japan.[39]

On 16 April 2011, Radiohead released two further tracks from the King of Limbs sessions, "Supercollider" and "The Butcher", as a double single for Record Store Day.[40] They later released the tracks as free downloads for those who had purchased The King of Limbs from the Radiohead website.[41] In June 2011, Radiohead announced a series of King of Limbs remix singles by various artists.[42] The remixes were compiled on the album TKOL RMX 1234567, released in September 2011.[43] Radiohead performed The King of Limbs in its entirety for The King of Limbs: Live from the Basement, broadcast in July 2011 and released on DVD and Blu-ray in December 2011.[44][45]

On February 11, 2014, Radiohead released an app for mobile devices, Polyfauna, featuring music and imagery from The King of Limbs.[46] In 2017, Radiohead collaborated with film composer Hans Zimmer to record a new version of "Bloom" for the BBC nature documentary series Blue Planet II. The track, "(ocean) Bloom", features new vocals by Yorke recorded alongside the BBC Concert Orchestra. In a press release, Yorke said: "'Bloom' was inspired by the original Blue Planet series so it's great to be able to come full circle with the song."[26]

Promotion
Singer Thom Yorke distributed a free newspaper promoting The King of Limbs at Rough Trade in London

Radiohead planned a promotional broadcast on 18 February, 2011, in Hachikō Square in Shibuya, Tokyo, but the event was canceled due to security concerns.[47] On February 18, Radiohead released a music video for "Lotus Flower" on YouTube,[16] featuring black-and-white footage of Yorke dancing. It was directed by Garth Jennings and choreographed by Wayne McGregor.[48] The video inspired the "Dancing Thom Yorke" internet meme, whereby fans replaced the audio or edited the visuals,[49] and "#thomdance" became a trending hashtag on Twitter.[50]

On 28 March 2011, to promote the retail release of The King of Limbs, Radiohead distributed a free newspaper, the Universal Sigh, at independent record shops across the world.[51] Donwood and Yorke distributed copies in person at the Rough Trade record shop in east London.[52] Influenced by free newspapers such as LA Weekly or London Lite, the Universal Sigh is a 12-page tabloid printed using web-offset lithography on newsprint paper[53] and features artwork, poetry, and lyrics, plus short stories by Donwood, Jay Griffiths and Robert Macfarlane.[54]

Tour

Radiohead did not perform The King of Limbs live until several months after its release, as Yorke wanted to continue studio work and it took some time to arrange the album for performance.[1] To perform the album's complex rhythms, they enlisted a second drummer, Clive Deamer, who had worked with Portishead and Get the Blessing. Selway said: "That was fascinating. One played in the traditional way, the other almost mimicked a drum machine. It was push-and-pull, like kids at play, really interesting."[55] Deamer has joined Radiohead for subsequent tours.[56]

On 24 June 2011, Radiohead played a surprise performance on the Park stage at the 2011 Glastonbury Festival, performing songs from The King of Limbs before an audience for the first time.[106] In September, they played two dates at New York City's Roseland Ballroom[57] and made American TV appearances including a one-hour special episode of The Colbert Report[58] and the season premiere of Saturday Night Live.[59] In 2012, Radiohead toured Europe, North America, and Asia, with appearances at the Bonnaroo, Coachella and Fuji Rock festivals.[60] They played mainly arenas, as O'Brien said the "precise and detailed" King of Limbs material would not suit outdoor venues.[61]

On 16 June, 2012, the stage collapsed during the setup for a show at Toronto's Downsview Park, killing drum technician Scott Johnson and injuring three other members of Radiohead's road crew.[62] The show was canceled and Radiohead's tour dates in Europe were postponed.[63] After rescheduling the tour, Radiohead paid tribute to Johnson and their stage crew at their next concert, in Nîmes, France, in July.[64] In 2013, Live Nation Canada Inc, two other organisations and an engineer were charged with 13 charges.[65] Following a delay caused by mistrial, the case was dropped in 2017 under the Jordan ruling, which puts time limits on cases.[65] A 2019 inquest returned a verdict of accidental death.[66]

Sales

On the Radiohead website, where it was exclusively available for nearly two months prior to its retail release, The King of Limbs sold between 300,000 and 400,000 download copies.[1] Radiohead's co-manager Chris Hufford estimated that Radiohead made more money from The King of Limbs than any of their previous albums, as most sales were made through their website without a record company.[1]

The retail edition debuted at number seven on the UK Albums Chart, selling 33,469 copies in its first week.[67] The vinyl edition, excluding special edition sales, sold more than 20,000 copies in the UK in the first half of 2011, 12% of all vinyl sold in that period,[68] and became the bestselling vinyl album of 2011.[34] As of April 2015, it was the decade's second-bestselling vinyl in the UK.[69]

In the US, the retail edition debuted at number six on the Billboard 200, with first-week sales of 69,000 copies.[70] The following week, it peaked at number three, selling 67,000 copies.[71] By April 2012, The King of Limbs had sold 307,000 retail copies in the US, making it Radiohead's first album to fail to achieve gold certification there.[1]

Reception
Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
AnyDecentMusic?7.6/10[72]
Metacritic80/100[73]
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[74]
The A.V. ClubB+[75]
Entertainment WeeklyB[76]
The Guardian[77]
The Independent[78]
NME7/10[79]
Pitchfork7.9/10[27]
Q[80]
Rolling Stone[81]
Spin8/10[82]

At Metacritic, which aggregates scores from mainstream critics, The King of Limbs has an average score of 80 based on 40 reviews, indicating "generally favourable reviews".[73] Michael Brodeur of the Boston Globe praised "the tense calm these eight songs maintain—a composure that feels constantly ready to crack", and wrote that "where In Rainbows was mellow but brisk — an album that felt on its way somewhere — these songs are eerie and insidious, creeping like shadows".[83] PopMatters' Corey Beasley wrote: "The King of Limbs is a beautiful record, one that begs more of a conscious listen than its predecessor, but one that provides equal – if different – thrills in doing so."[84]

François Marchand of the Vancouver Sun said that the album "bridges Radiohead's many different styles" and was "worth embracing".[85] Critic Robert Christgau awarded the album a two-star "honourable mention" and recommended the songs "Little by Little" and "Bloom".[86] Quietus critic Ben Graham felt it could be Radiohead's best work, writing: "King of Limbs revisits the Kid A / Amnesiac period that alienated so many fans of OK Computer but does so with a greater maturity and weight of experience that enriches both the songs and the process."[87]

Some felt The King of Limbs was less innovative than Radiohead's prior albums. Mark Pytlik of Pitchfork called it "well-worn terrain for Radiohead, and while it continues to yield rewarding results, the band's signature game-changing ambition is missed".[27] AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine described it as "Radiohead doing what they do ... without flash or pretension, gently easing from the role of pioneers to craftsmen".[74] Luke Lewis of the NME felt it was "a record to respect for its craft, rather than worship for its greatness".[79] In a retrospective 2015 article for Stereogum, Ryan Leas concluded that The King of Limbs was "very good, occasionally great music by a pivotal band that nevertheless felt like something of a letdown because it wasn't, ultimately, some genius stroke none of us expected".[88] He argued that The King of Limbs: Live From the Basement was superior: "You hear muscle and movement and bodies existing where the now tapped-out ingenuity of Radiohead’s electronic impulses has begun to make their recorded music brittle."[88]

Los Angeles Times writer Ann Powers wrote that The King of Limbs had divided listeners, with some finding it too low-key, abstract, or "doomy", or too similar to Radiohead's previous work.[22] Some fans, having waited three and a half years for the follow-up to In Rainbows, were disappointed by an album of only eight tracks that felt "relatively dashed together", and unfounded theories spread of a second album soon to be released.[88]

The King of Limbs was named one of the best albums of 2011 by several publications: the Wire and the Guardian named it the 27th best of the year,[89][90] Mojo the 47th,[91] NME the 20th,[92] PopMatters the tenth,[93] Uncut the seventh[94] and Rolling Stone the fifth.[95] It was nominated for five categories in the 54th Grammy Awards: Best Alternative Music Album, Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package, Best Short Form Music Video (for "Lotus Flower"), Best Rock Performance ("Lotus Flower") and Best Rock Song ("Lotus Flower").[36]

Track listing

All tracks are written by Radiohead.

No.TitleLength
1."Bloom"5:15
2."Morning Mr Magpie"4:41
3."Little by Little"4:27
4."Feral"3:13
5."Lotus Flower"5:01
6."Codex"4:47
7."Give Up the Ghost"4:50
8."Separator"5:20
Total length:37:34

Personnel

Charts

Weekly
Chart (2011) Peak
position
Australian Albums Chart[96] 2
Austrian Albums Chart[96] 11
Belgian Albums Chart (Flanders)[96] 7
Belgian Albums Chart (Wallonia)[96] 8
Canadian Albums Chart[97] 5
Danish Albums Chart[96] 10
Dutch Albums Chart[96] 3
Finnish Albums Chart[96] 13
French Albums Chart[96] 8
German Albums Chart[98] 13
Greek Albums Chart[96] 9
Irish Albums Chart[99] 7
Italian Albums Chart[96] 8
Japanese Oricon Albums Chart[100] 3
Mexican Albums Chart[96] 8
New Zealand Albums Chart[96] 5
Norwegian Albums Chart[96] 4
Spanish Albums Chart[101] 10
Swedish Albums Chart[96] 9
Swiss Albums Chart[96] 8
UK Albums Chart[67] 7
US Billboard 200[71] 3
US Alternative Albums[71] 1
US Independent Albums[71] 1
US Top Rock Albums[71] 1

Year-end
Chart (2011) Rank
Belgian Alternative Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[102] 44
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[103] 94
French Albums (SNEP)[104] 124
UK Albums (OCC)[105] 118
US Billboard 200[106] 135
US Alternative Albums[107] 19
US Independent Albums[108] 5
US Top Rock Albums[109] 24

Certifications and sales
Region CertificationCertified units/sales
Canada (Music Canada)[110] Gold 40,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[111] Gold 100,000^
United States (RIAA)[112] none 370,000[113]^

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone

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