The Cassandra Crossing

The Cassandra Crossing is a 1976 disaster thriller film directed by George Pan Cosmatos and starring Sophia Loren, Richard Harris, Ava Gardner, Martin Sheen, Burt Lancaster, Lee Strasberg and O. J. Simpson about an infected Swedish terrorist who infects a train's passengers as they head to a derelict arch bridge.

The Cassandra Crossing
Directed byGeorge Pan Cosmatos
Produced byCarlo Ponti
Lew Grade
Screenplay byTom Mankiewicz
Robert Katz
George Pan Cosmatos
Story byRobert Katz
George Pan Cosmatos
StarringSophia Loren
Richard Harris
Burt Lancaster
Ava Gardner
Martin Sheen
O. J. Simpson
Lee Strasberg
Music byJerry Goldsmith
CinematographyEnnio Guarnieri
Edited byRoberto Silvi
Françoise Bonnot
Production
company
Distributed byAVCO Embassy Pictures
Release date
18 December 1976 (Italy & Japan) / 9 February 1977 (USA) / 31 March 1977 (UK)
Running time
129 Minutes
CountryItaly
United Kingdom
West Germany
LanguageEnglish
Budget$3 million[1] or $6 million[2]
Box office$15,300,000 (Japan) SEK 152,111 (Sweden)

With the backing of the media tycoon Sir Lew Grade (the head of the British broadcast network Associated Television) and the Italian film producer Carlo Ponti, the international all-star cast was expected to attract a widespread audience, with rights sold prior to filming, to both British and American distributors.[3] Ponti also saw the production as a showcase for his wife, Sophia Loren.[4]

Plot

When the existence of a strain of plague (vaguely identified as pneumonic) is revealed at the US mission at the International Health Organization, three terrorists seek to blow up the US mission. Two of them are shot, one mortally, by security personnel but one escapes. The surviving terrorist is hospitalised and quarantined and identified as Swedish. Elena Stradner and US military intelligence Colonel Stephen Mackenzie argue over the nature of the strain, which Stradner suspects is a biological weapon but which Colonel Mackenzie claims was in the process of being destroyed.

The third terrorist, Eklund, escapes and stows away on a train bound from Geneva to Stockholm. Stradner believes that the train should be stopped so that the terrorist can be removed and quarantined, but Col. Mackenzie is concerned that all of the passengers on the train might be infected. Mackenzie insists on rerouting the train to a disused railway line which goes to a former Nazi concentration camp in Janov, Poland where the passengers will be quarantined. However, the line crosses a dangerously unsound steel arch bridge known as the Kasundruv Bridge or the "Cassandra Crossing", out of use since 1948 (former railway Zagorz-Solina-Turka-Lviv between Poland and Ukraine)

Mackenzie understands that the bridge might collapse as the train passes over it. The presence of the infected terrorist, and the rerouting of the train, precipitates the second conflict, among passengers on the train; they include Jonathan Chamberlain, a famous neurologist, his ex-wife Jennifer Rispoli Chamberlain, a former inmate of Janov and Holocaust survivor Herman Kaplan, and Nicole Dressler, the wife of a German arms dealer. She is embroiled in an affair with her young companion Robby Navarro. Navarro is a heroin trafficker being pursued by Interpol agent Haley, who is travelling undercover as a priest.

Mackenzie informs Chamberlain of the presence of Eklund, who is found, but attempts to remove him via a helicopter are unsuccessful because the train enters a tunnel. Chamberlain is also told that the plague has a 60% mortality rate. Mackenzie, however, informs passengers that police have received reports of anarchist bombs placed along the rail line, and that the train will be rerouted to Nuremberg. There the train is sealed with an enclosed oxygen system and a US Army medical team is placed aboard, with the now-deceased terrorist being placed in a hermetically-sealed coffin. Chamberlain learns of the risk of the Cassandra Crossing. He also begins to suspect the disease is not as serious as originally thought: few of the passengers have become infected and few of those have actually died. He radios MacKenzie suggesting the infected portion of the train be uncoupled and isolated, but MacKenzie, acting under orders, has no intention of stopping the train: if, as expected, the Cassandra Crossing collapses, it will neatly cover the fact that the U.S has been harbouring germ warfare agents in a neutral country. Chamberlain and Haley form a group of passengers to overcome the guards and seize control of the train before it reaches the doomed bridge.

After Navarro is killed by the guards trying to reach the engine, and Haley and Kaplan sacrifice themselves, Chamberlain manages to separate the rear half of the train, hoping that with less weight the front half will cross safely. But the bridge collapses, killing everyone aboard the front half. Max, the train's conductor, applies the manual brakes and stops the remaining cars just before reaching the downed bridge. The survivors soon evacuate the remaining cars and head off on foot, no longer under guard or quarantine. In Geneva, both Stradner and MacKenzie depart: she keeps hope of survivors while he feels quiet guilt over the whole affair. After they leave, Major Stack informs MacKenzie's superior that both the colonel and the doctor are under surveillance.

The Garabit Viaduct arch bridge was used to represent the condemned "Cassandra Crossing".

Cast

Sources: [5]

Production

The Cinecittà studios in Rome were chosen for interiors, with French and Swiss locales providing most of the location footage.[3] The steel arch bridge depicted in the film is actually the Garabit Viaduct in southern France, built from 1880 to 1884 by Gustave Eiffel, who later constructed the Eiffel tower.[6]

At the beginning of the film passengers arrive at Geneva railway station to embark on the train. The scenes were shot at Basel central station. Where Dr Chamberlain enters the station, the green coloured trams (belonging to the Basel public transport company BVB) and Basel's Central Station Square can be seen in the background.[7]

Much of the film's special effects involved models and rear screen work that was largely effective, although the studio artwork shows a typical US diesel locomotive that doesn't resemble anything seen in the film.[3]

Peter O'Toole was offered the lead role, but he turned it down. Richard Harris played the part instead.[8]

The Cassandra Crossing was only the second film made by Lee Strasberg.[9] Ava Gardner said "the real reason I'm in this picture is money, baby, pure and simple."[2] Tom Mankiewicz, who worked on the script, dubbed the film "The Towering Germ".

Reception

The film holds a score of 30% on Rotten Tomatoes based on ten reviews.[10]

Richard Eder of The New York Times called the film "profoundly, offensively stupid," with Ava Gardner "awful in an awful role" and Sophia Loren "totally miscast."[11] Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 1.5 stars out of 4 and called it "an unintentional parody of a disaster film. The catastrophes that befall the passengers of a Geneva to Copenhagen train in the picture are positively ridiculous."[12] Variety dismissed the film as, "a tired, hokey and sometimes unintentionally funny disaster film in which a trainload of disease-exposed passengers lurch to their fate."[13] Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times called the film "a disaster picture quite literally disastrous and so awful it's unintentionally hilarious."[14] Gary Arnold of The Washington Post wrote, "Cosmatos is an absentminded, huffing-puffing director who seems to keep hoping we'll overlook his frazzled continuity, which suggests an old serial slapped together in such a way that the cliffhanging bits are never resolved."[15] Richard Combs of The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote, "The one remotely enjoyable aspect of The Cassandra Crossing is that it knows no proportion in anything—from performances through plotting, shooting style and special effects, it is constantly outdoing itself in monumental silliness."[16]

The film was booed and hissed at preview screenings by critics.[17]

The graphic scenes of the passengers being killed at the end of the film had ensured an "R" rating in theatres and led to two "censored" and "uncensored" versions being released for broadcast and home media.[3]

Box office

The Cassandra Crossing, however, still made money. The producers claimed that they recouped the production costs of the film out of Japan alone.[1][18]

gollark: Rust makes those panics in debug mode but they have some specific handling in release mode.
gollark: No, actually.
gollark: It's inconsistent and likely to cause trip-ups.
gollark: Overflow is defined but underflow isn't?
gollark: Fascinating. Also really stupid.

References
  1. Walker 1985, p. 197.
  2. Tuohy, William. "Ava Gardner: Still that certain something." Los Angeles Times, 9 May 1976, p. s1.
  3. Thompson, Nathaniel. "The Cassandra Crossing (1976)." Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
  4. Verlhac and Dherbier 2008, p. 12.
  5. "Credits: The Cassandra Crossing (1976)." Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
  6. Billington 1983, p. 92.
  7. "Travelling in Switzerland." myswissalps.com. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
  8. Mankiewicz and Crane 2012, p. 178.
  9. "The method man." The Guardian 29 March 1976, p. 8.
  10. "The Cassandra Crossing". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  11. Eder, Richard (February 10, 1977). "'Cassandra Crossing' Doomed By Silly Premise, Miscasting". The New York Times. 48.
  12. Siskel, Gene (February 21, 1977). "'Cassandra Crossing' on tracks of disaster". Chicago Tribune. Section 4, p. 8.
  13. "The Cassandra Crossing." Variety, 31 December 1976.
  14. Thomas. Kevin (February 9, 1977). "'Cassandra' Rides the Rails". Los Angeles Times. Part IV, p. 16.
  15. Arnold, Hary (February 10, 1977). "A Clumsy 'Cassandra Crossing'". The Washington Post. 60.
  16. Combs, Richard (July 1977). "The Cassandra Crossing". The Monthly Film Bulletin. 44 (522): 142.
  17. Beck, Marilyn. "Director gets cross at 'Crossing' critics." Chicago Tribune, 19 January 1977, p. a6.
  18. Grade 1987, p. 246.

Bibliography
  • Billington, David P. The Tower and the Bridge: The New Art of Structural Engineering. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1983. ISBN 978-0-691-02393-9.
  • Grade, Lew. Still Dancing: My Story. New York: William Collins & Sons, 1987. ISBN 0-00-217780-3.
  • Mankiewicz, Tom and Robert Crane. My Life as a Mankiewicz. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 2012. ISBN 978-0-8131-3616-5.
  • Verlhac, Pierre-Henri and Yann-Brice Dherbier. Sophia Loren: A Life in Pictures. Brighton, UK: Pavilion, 2008. ISBN 978-1-86205-831-6.
  • Walker, Alexander. National Heroes: British Cinema in the Seventies and Eighties. London: Harrap, 1985. ISBN 978-0-7528-5707-7.
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