Tetraplatia

Tetraplatia is a genus of hydrozoans in the order Narcomedusae. It is the sole genus in the monotypic family Tetraplatidae.[1]

Tetraplatia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Hydrozoa
Order: Narcomedusae
Family: Tetraplatiidae
Collins et al., 2008
Genus: Tetraplatia
Busch, 1851[1]
Genera
See text

Taxonomy and systematics

Since their discovery in the 1850s, there has been disagreement over the phylogeny of the tetraplatids. Some authorities considered that they were aberrant hydrozoans while others thought that they were unusual scyphozoans, cubozoans or staurozoans. Examination of the ribosomal DNA has shown that they are hydrozoans in the order Narcomedusae. The genus seems to be of recent origin.[2]

Genera and species

The World Register of Marine Species lists the following taxa in the family Tetraplatidae:[1]

  • Genus Tetraplatia Busch, 1851
    • Tetraplatia chuni Carlgren, 1909
    • Tetraplatia volitans Busch, 1851

Characteristics

Unlike the other members of the order, members of the family Tetraplatidae have no tentacles nor bell but are worm-like in shape. The body is divided by a transverse groove beside which there are four muscular flaps or lappets used for swimming. Each of these contains two sense organs. In one species there are four flying buttresses alternating with the lappets. The gonads are epidermal and have lobes either side of the groove.[3]

Tetraplatia chuni

Tetraplatia chuni is similar in shape and size to T. volitans but lacks the flying buttresses connecting the two ends. It seems to be a much rarer species as only a few specimens have been recorded. These have all been found in the southern Atlantic Ocean.[2]

Tetraplatia volitans

Tetraplatia volitans has s spindle shaped body 4-9mm long with a transverse groove nearer the aboral end. Four flying buttresses arch over this groove and connect the oral and aboral ends. It has four longitudinal rows of nematocysts with four shorter rows in between. There are eight pairs of lappets with sense organs between. The species has a cosmopolitan distribution, being found worldwide from the surface down to a depth of about 900 meters. It feeds on small zooplankton.[2][4]

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References
  1. Tetraplatidae World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2011-11-07.
  2. Collins, AG; Bentlage, B; Matsumoto, GI; Haddock, SH; Osborn, KJ; Schierwater, B (March 2006). "Solution to the phylogenetic enigma of Tetraplatia, a worm-shaped cnidarian". Biol. Lett. 2 (1): 120–124. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2005.0372. PMC 1617186. PMID 17148343.
  3. Order Narcomedusae - Haeckel, 1879 The Hydrozoa Directory. Retrieved 2011-11-07.
  4. Tetraplatia volitans Busch, 1851 Archived 2011-08-02 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2011-11-07.


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