Tetela del Volcán

Tetela del Volcán or simply Tetela, is a town and municipality in the Mexican state of Morelos. It is located on the slopes of the volcano Popocatépetl. 18°57′48″N 99°15′12″W. The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name. It is notable for its sixteenth century Dominican ex-convent which together with a number of other early monasteries nearby in the area has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The municipality reported 20,698 inhabitants in the year 2015 census.[1] Other towns in the municipality of Tetela del Volcán include Hueyapan, Xochicalco (not to be confused with the archeological site of the same name) and Tlamimilulpan.

Entrance to Tetela del Volcán with Popocatépetl in the background

The toponym Tetela comes from Nahuatl and means "place of rocks". The Volcán ("volcano") referred to is, of course, Popocatépetl.

History

In 1503, Tetela del Volcán and nearby Hueyapan were subjugated to the Aztec Empire by Moctezuma II. The first Spaniards to arrive in Tetela were Bernardino Vázquez de Tapia and Pedro de Alvarado in 1519. After the fall of Tenochtitlán Cortés arrived in Tetela del Volcán, where he found the Indians to be resistant and fierce. According to Diego Durán their subjugation was achieved only thanks to the intervention of María Estrada and her husband Pedro Sánchez Farfán, for which Cortés awarded the couple the lands of Tetela as an encomienda. In 1561 this encomienda was revoked and laid under the Spanish Crown directly, and in the Relacion Geográfica from 1665 this "realengo" appears to be administrated by corregidor Cristóbal Martínez de Maldonado.[2]

In the 17th century, the indigenous authorities were still functioning to a large extent (Gibson) and the Spanish and native government coexisted for a while as separate systems.

In 1784, Tetela del Volcán was incorporated into the Subdelegación de Cuautla and lost its status as "cabecera" (capital) of the district. When the administrative structure of corregimientos and alcaldías was abolished, Tetela lost its special status.

When the state of Morelos was first established, Tetela del Volcán belonged to the municipality of Ocuituco. It was established as a separate municipality on January 31, 1937, during the government of Lázaro Cárdenas. During the early period of PRI governance, municipal presidents were mostly appointed by the state governor.[3]

After the 2006 Mexican election, Mario Soberanes (Nueva Alianza) was elected municipal president[4] and became the first citizen of Hueyapan to be elected president of the municipality. He was also the first municipal president from a party other than the Institutional Revolutionary Party since the municipality's founding.[5]

There were two major earthquakes in 2017. The Chiapas earthquake on September 7 did not cause any damage in Morelos, but the 2017 Puebla earthquake centered in Axochiapan twelve days later killed 74 people in the state and caused physical damage to 20,000 buildings. Tetela del Volcán was the municipality with most severe damage, with 831 homes destroyed and 1,058 damaged.[6]

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, Tetela del Volcan blocked the entrances to the community.[7] The state of Morelos reported 1,238 cases and 248 deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico as of May 25, 2020; eight cases were reported in Tetela del Volcán.[8] Schools and many businesses were closed from mid March until June 1.[9] The state office of DIF sent food and water to vulnerable groups of people in eight municipalities including Tetela del Volcán on May 26.[10] On July 2, Tetela del Volcán reported four infections but no deaths from the virus; the reopening of the state was pushed back until at least June 13.[11]

Monastery

The monastery of San Juan Bautista in Tetela del Volcán is one of the Monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl and a UNESCO world heritage site.[12] It was built by the Dominicans in the first half of the 16th century and was even visited by Hernán Cortés.[13] The exterior has arcades that surround the complex but are partially hidden by trees. The upper parts of the walls around the complex are covered in paint, the lower floor of the cloister has figures depicted in the arches and walls. In the vaults over the walkways, there are numerous cherubs defeating evil spirits and some even fighting with each other.[14] One unique architectural element is the Moorish-style wood been roofing in the sacristy.[15]

Communities

Sister city: Pharr, Texas[16]

Municipal Presidents
Name Period of presidency
Pompeyo Montero Rodríguez (PRI) 1958-1960
Venancio Anzurez Mendoza (PRI) 1961-1963
Carlos Pérez Solís (PRI) 1964-1966
Anselmo Martínez Reyes (PRI) 1967-1970
Ladislao Trujillo Arenas (PRI) 1970-1973
León Montero Rodríguez (PRI) 1973-1976
Rosendo Rodríguez García (PRI) 1976-1979
Silvano Ariza Mendoza (PRI) 1979-1982
Pablo Torres Mendoza (PRI) 1982-1985
Mario Jiménez Gutiérrez (PRI) 1985-1988
Vardomiano Vazaldua Carrillo (PRI) 1988-1991
Paulino Velázquez Álvarez (PRI) 1991-1994
Leopoldo Mendoza Lavín (PRI) 1994-1997
Leoncio Pérez Jiménez (PRI) 1997-2000
Antonio López Mendoza (PRI) 2000-2003
Jorge Lozada Martinez (PRI) 2003-2006
Mario Soberanes Perez (NA) 2006-2009
Jorge Hernandez Mendieta (PAN, previously PSD)) 2009-2012
Javier Montes (PV, previously PAN and PT) 2012-2015
Ana Berta Haro Sánchez (NA) 2015-2018
Israel Gonzalez Perez (Juntos Haremos Historia: PT-Morena-ES) 2018-2021[17]
gollark: It uses new and not well supported codecs.
gollark: In *terrible* quality, admittedly.
gollark: This is the ENTIRE SHREK MOVIE.
gollark: Observe the cursed work of [REDACTED].
gollark: Why? Is window-backflipping some new sport?

See also

References
  1. http://cuentame.inegi.org.mx/monografias/informacion/mor/poblacion/ (retrieved Dec 13, 2018)
  2. Martínez Marín, Carlos. 1968. Tetela del Volcán: su historia y su convento. Mexico, D.F.: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas.
  3. Arias, Patricia, and Lucía Bazán. 1979. Demandas y conflicto: el poder político en un pueblo de Morelos. México, D.F.: Centro de Investigaciones Superiores del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia: Editorial Nueva Imagen.
  4. El Universal El Sol de Cuernavaca
  6. García-Carrera, Jesús Salvador; Mena-Hernández, Ulises; Bermúdez-Alarcón, Francisco Javier (1 March 2018). "El terremoto 19S en Morelos: la experiencia operativa del INEEL en la evaluación del riesgo estructural". Salud Pública de México (in Spanish). pp. 65–82. doi:10.21149/9408. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  7. "Ahora colocan retenes en Tlaquiltenango – Nodo Noticias" [Now they put blockades in Tlaquiltenango] (in Spanish). Retrieved Apr 23, 2020.
  8. Redacción, La. "Morelos está en la etapa de más alto riesgo de transmisión: SS". La Unión (in Spanish). Retrieved May 25, 2020.
  9. Redacción, La. "Situación actual del coronavirus Covid-19 en Morelos" [Present situation of coronavirus COVID-19 in Morelos]. www.launion.com.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved Apr 29, 2020.
  10. "Lleva DIF apoyo alimentario a municipios". www.diariodemorelos.com (in Spanish). Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  11. "Coronavirus en Morelos | Diario de Morelos". www.diariodemorelos.com (in Spanish). Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  12. "Earliest 16th-Century Monasteries on the Slopes of Popocatepetl". World Heritage Organization. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
  13. "Explora la Ruta de los Monasterios" [Explore the Route of the Monasteries]. Terra (in Spanish). Mexico. May 10, 2010. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
  14. Heidy Torres (April 3, 2004). "La Ruta de los Volcanes: Vigilan conventos el sueno del Popo" [The Route of the Volcanos: Monasteries watch the sleep of Popocatepetl]. Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 16.
  15. "Los monasterios en las laderas del Popocatépetl" [The monasteries on the sides of Popocatepel] (in Spanish). Catholic.net Inc. 2010. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
  16. "Ciudades mexicanas y sus ciudades hermanas estadounidenses" [Mexican cities and their American sister cities] (in Spanish). Sister Cities International. Retrieved Feb 18, 2019.
  17. http://impepac.mx/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Candidatos-electos-2018.pdf (Dec 14, 2018)
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