Terthiophene

Terthiophene is the organic compound with the formula [C4H3S]2C4H2S. It is an oligomer of the heterocycle thiophene, a shorter oligomer is dithienyl, and the parent polymer is polythiophene. In the most common isomer of terthiophene, two thienyl groups are connected via their 2 positions to a central thiophene, also at the carbon atoms flanking the sulfur.

Terthiophene
Names
IUPAC name
2,2':5',2"-terthiophene
Other names
α-Terthienyl
2,5-Di(2-thienyl)thiophene
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.168.218
RTECS number
  • WZ9717750
UNII
Properties
C12H8S3
Molar mass 248.39 g/mol
Appearance pale yellow solid
Melting point 93-95 °C
insoluble
Hazards
Main hazards flammable
S-phrases (outdated) S22 S24/25
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Thiophene
polythiophene
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Preparation of terthiophene

Terthiophene is prepared by the nickel- or palladium-catalysed coupling reaction of 2,5-dibromothiophene with the Grignard reagent derived from 2-bromothiophene.[1]

Properties and applications

This isomer is a pigment in African marigolds (Tagetes spp.) and exhibits some biological activity because it sensitizes the formation of singlet oxygen.[2] It is responsible for the insecticidal activity of Tagetes minuta.[3]

Together with derivatives of 2,2'-bithiophene, various substituted terthiophenes occur naturally. Examples include 5,5''-dichloro-α-terthiophene, 5-chloro-α-terthiophene, 5-acetyl α-terthiophene, and 5-carboxyl bithiophene.[4]

Terthiophene has been employed as building block for the organic semi-conductor polythiophene.

gollark: It's under "further pure 2", along with exotic topics like number theory, matrix algebra, weird recurrence relations, and group theory. I wonder why.
gollark: You do arc length integration? That's part of one of the furtherererest further maths topics in UK maths curricula (or, well, the one used by the exam board my school uses).
gollark: I have "mgollark" downloaded somewhere, which is a 117M-parameter GPT-2 model trained on 11MB of my Discord messages on free Google Colab GPUs.
gollark: You can actually train GPT-2s to be slightly more task-specific, although it takes horrible amounts of computing power.
gollark: Interestingly, my Discord messages CSV file (used for GPT-2 training some time ago) only goes to 28% of its original size.

See also

References
  1. Smeets, B. J. J.; Meijer, R. H.; Meuldijk, J.; Vekemans, J. A. J. M. & Hulshof, L. A. (2003). "Process Design and Scale-Up of the Synthesis of 2,2':5',2"-Terthienyl". Organic Process Research & Development. 7 (1): 10–16. doi:10.1021/op020044n.
  2. Ciofalo, M.; Ponterini, G. (1994). "Generation of singlet oxygen by 2,2':5',2"-terthiophene and some of its derivatives". Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A. 83 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1016/1010-6030(94)03802-3. ISSN 1010-6030. CODEN: JPPCEJ.
  3. Perich, M. J.; Wells, C.; Bertsch, W.; Tredway, K. E. (1995). "Isolation of the insecticidal components of Tagetes minuta (Compositae) against mosquito larvae and adults". Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association. 11 (3): 307–310. PMID 8551298.
  4. Liu, Y.; Ye, M.; Guo, H. Z.; Zhao, Y. Y.; Guo, D. A. (2002). "New thiophenes from Echinops grijisii". Journal of Asian Natural Products Research. 4 (3): 175–178. doi:10.1080/1028602021000000071. ISSN 1028-6020. PMID 12118504. CODEN: JANRFI.
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