Ted Shearer
Thaddeus "Ted" Shearer (November 1, 1919 – December 26, 1992)[1] was an African-American advertising art director and cartoonist whose 1970–1986 Quincy was one of the earliest mainstream comic strips to star an African American in the lead role.
| Ted Shearer | |
|---|---|
 Ted Shearer | |
| Born | Thaddeus Shearer November 1, 1919 |
| Died | December 26, 1992 (aged 73) |
| Nationality | American |
| Area(s) | Penciller, Inker |
Notable works | Quincy |
 |
Early life and career
Shearer was born in May Pen, Jamaica, to parents Samuel and Sophie (née Parnell), and raised from infancy in the Harlem area of Manhattan, New York City.[2] From a young age, his ambition was to produce a comic strip. While attending DeWitt Clinton High School, he met African-American cartoonist E. Simms Campbell, who became his mentor.[2] At 16, Shearer sold his first cartoon, to the newspaper the New York Amsterdam News.[3] From 1938 to 1940, he studied at night at the Art Students League, on scholarship.[2]
During World War II, Shearer served in the U.S. Army's segregated 92nd Infantry Division, reaching the rank of sergeant,[2] and earning the Bronze Star for his position as art director for the division's magazine, The Buffalo.[4][5] He provided illustrations to the military newspaper Stars and Stripes[3] and contributed comics about military life to the newspaper syndication service Continental Features. After the war, he began doing illustrations for magazines including The Ladies' Home Journal and The Saturday Evening Post,[3] as well as Our World and Collier's, and in newspapers including the New York Herald Tribune.[6] From 1946 to 1947, he studied art at the Pratt Institute.[2]
Advertising and comic-strip career
Through Continental Features, Shearer syndicated two one-panel comics, Around Harlem, about teens and young adults in that Manhattan neighborhood, and the family-centered Next Door.[6] After those strips were discontinued in the 1950s,[4] Shearer joined the New York City advertising agency BBDO, where he served as an art director for 15 years,[3] winning five awards.[2]
During this time, he sold single-panel gag cartoons to King Features Syndicate's Laff-a-Day feature. After a chance commuter-train meeting with King Features artist Bill Gilmartin, to whom Shearer showed some of his work and noted that his cartoons had been published in major magazines, an impressed Gilmartin brought Shearer's work to wider attention at the syndicate.[7] Through King Features, Shearer launched the comic strip Quincy, starring an African-American elementary-school boy being raised by his grandmother in Harlem. It debuted on June 13[8] or June 17,[7] 1970 (sources differ). Upon launching the comic strip, Shearer left BBDO.[3][7] The strip ended with Shearer's retirement in 1986.[8]
Cartoon historian Bill Crouch, Jr. wrote that Shearer
...used Quincy to be ever optimistic and upbeat, with a sunny outlook and a white best friend [who] was a parody of the cliche, "Some of my best friends are black." ... Quincy was blessed with artwork of strong design and a creative use of ziptone. Visually, it jumped off the page at the reader. During its sixteen years in syndication, Quincy, along with Morrie Turner's Wee Pals and Brumsic Brandon Jr.'s Luther, paved the way for the current generation of successfully syndicated African-American cartoonists.[7]
Another comics historian, Don Markstein, said the strip "wasn't preachy, the way pioneers of this type often wear their virtue on their sleeves. ... Shearer's characters were identifiably minorities in lifestyle as well as skin tones, and often derived gags from the fact, but weren't vocal advocates of change. Mostly, they were just a bunch of kids who got along together and didn't give much thought to their racial identity."[8]
With his photojournalist son John Shearer as writer, Ted Shearer illustrated the book series Billy Jo Jive,[4][9] which became the basis for animated segments on the PBS children's education program Sesame Street,[3] and for an animated feature, Billy Jo Jive Super Private Eye, produced by Shearer Visuals in 1979.[2]
Late in life, Shearer exhibited as a painter in numerous shows.[3]
Personal life
In 1945, Shearer married Phyllis Wildman, an attorney and, later, a deputy commissioner of social services for Westchester County, New York. The couple had a son, John, and a daughter, Kathleen.[2][3]
Shearer was a founding member of the African-American professionals civic group the Westchester Clubmen, and was a member of the National Cartoonists Society and the Society of Professional Journalists.[3]
Shearer, who lived in Pound Ridge, New York, died of cardiac arrest at Northern Westchester Hospital in Mount Kisco, New York.[3]
Bibliography
As illustrator; children's chapter books written by John Shearer
- Billy Jo Jive, Super Private Eye: The Case of the Missing Ten Speed Bike (Yearling, 1978) ISBN 978-0440410171
- Billy Jo Jive and the Case of the Missing Pigeons (Delacorte Press, 1978) ISBN 978-0440005674
- Billy Jo Jive, Super Private Eye: The Case of the Sneaker Snatcher (Dell Publishing, 1979) ISBN 978-0440405696
- Billy Jo Jive and the Case of the Midnight Voices (Delacorte Press, 1982) ISBN 978-0440007524
- Billy Jo Jive and the Walkie-Talkie Caper (Dell Publishing, 1984) ISBN 978-0440406181
References
- Thaddeus Shearer at the Social Security Death Index via FamilySearch.org. Retrieved on March 27, 2015. Archived from the original on march 27, 2015.
- Reynolds, Moira Davison (2003). Comic Strip Artists in American Newspapers, 1945-1980. McFarland & Company. p. 137. ISBN 978-0786415519. Note: While TheCartoonists.ca gives 1921, the Social Security Death Index gives November 1, 1919.
- "Ted Shearer, 73, Dies; Cartoonist for 'Quincy'". The New York Times. December 30, 1992. Retrieved March 21, 2015.
- Otfinoski, Steven (2011). African Americans in the Visual Arts. Facts on File Library of American History. p. 184. ISBN 978-0816078400.
- The magazine title was The Buffalo and not Buffalo as given in some sources, per Hodges, Robert Jr. (June 12, 2006). "African American 92nd Infantry Division Fought in Italy During World War II". World War II magazine (World History Group, pub.) via Historynet.com. Archived from the original on January 13, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
- McLeod, Susanna (June 15, 2007). "Ted Shearer, Groundbreaker for Black Cartoonists". TheCartoonists.ca. Archived from the original on November 30, 2010. Retrieved 2014-05-10.
- Crouch, Bill Jr. (1996). Horn, Maurice (ed.). 100 Years of American Newspaper Comics. New York York: Gramercy Books. p. 253. ISBN 0-517-12447-5.
- Markstein, Don. "Quincy". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on 2014-05-10.
- Lombroso, Linda (March 18, 2014). "Photographer John Shearer: Images of life". The Journal News. White Plains, New York. Archived from the original on March 21, 2015. Retrieved March 21, 2015.
External links
- Jackson, Tim (1998). "Salute to Pioneering Cartoonists of Color". Creative License Studio. Archived from the original on January 21, 2000.