Systems Biology Graphical Notation

The Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) is a standard graphical representation intended to foster the efficient storage, exchange and reuse of information about signaling pathways, metabolic networks, and gene regulatory networks amongst communities of biochemists, biologists, and theoreticians. The system was created over several years by a community of biochemists, modelers and computer scientists.[1]

logo of the Systems Biology Graphical Notation

SBGN is made up of three orthogonal languages for representing different views of biological systems: Process Descriptions, Entity Relationships and Activity Flows. Each language defines a comprehensive set of symbols with precise semantics, together with detailed syntactic rules regarding the construction and interpretation of maps. Using these three notations, a life scientist can represent in an unambiguous way networks of interactions (for example biochemical interactions). These notations make use of an idea and symbols similar to that used by electrical and other engineers and known as the block diagram. The simplicity of SBGN syntax and semantics makes SBGN maps suitable for use at the high school level.

Some software support for SBGN is already available, mostly for the Process Description language.[2] SBGN visualizations can be exchanged with the XML-based file format SBGN-ML.[3]

SBGN Process Description language
example of SBGN Process Description map

The SBGN Process Description (PD) language shows the temporal courses of biochemical interactions in a network. It can be used to show all the molecular interactions taking place in a network of biochemical entities, with the same entity appearing multiple times in the same diagram.[4]

SBGN Entity Relationship language
example of SBGN Entity Relationship map

The SBGN Entity Relationship (ER) language allows to see all the relationships in which a given entity participates, regardless of the temporal aspects. Relationships can be seen as rules describing the influences of entities nodes on other relationships.[5]

SBGN Activity Flow language
example of SBGN Activity Flow map

The SBGN Activity Flow (AF) language depicts the flow of information between biochemical entities in a network. It omits information about the state transitions of entities and is particularly convenient for representing the effects of perturbations, whether genetic or environmental in nature.[6]

History

Work on defining a set of symbols to describe interactions and relationships of molecules was pioneered by Kurt Kohn at the National Cancer Institute with his Molecular Interaction Maps (MIM).[7] The development of SBGN was initiated by Hiroaki Kitano, supported by a funding from the Japanese New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization. The meeting that initiated development of the Systems Biology Graphical Notation took place on February 11–12, 2006, at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), in Tokyo, Japan.

The first specification of SBGN Process Description language – then called Process Diagrams – was released on August 23, 2008 (Level 1 Version 1).[8] Corrections of the document were released on September 1, 2009 (Level 1 Version 1.1),[9] October 3, 2010 (Level 1 Version 1.2)[10] and February 14, 2011 (Level 1 Version 1.3).[4]

The first specification of SBGN Entity relationship language was released on September 1, 2009 (Level 1 Version 1).[11] Corrections of the document were released on October 6, 2010 (Level 1 Version 1.1)[12] and April 14, 2011 (Level 1 Version 1.2).[5]

The first specification of SBGN Activity Flow language was released on September 1, 2009.[6]

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References
  1. Le Novère N, Hucka M, Mi H, Moodie S, Schreiber F, Sorokin A, et al. (2009). "The Systems Biology Graphical Notation". Nat Biotechnol. 27 (8): 735–41. doi:10.1038/nbt.1558. PMID 19668183.
  2. "Community#SBGN_Software". sbgn.org. Archived from the original on 2012-05-04. Retrieved 2009-11-30.
  3. "Systems Biology Graphical Notation". Systems Biology Graphical Notation. Retrieved 2020-08-11.
  4. Moodie SL, Le Novère N, Demir E, Mi H & Villéger A. Systems Biology Graphical Notation: Process Description language Level 1. Nature Precedings (2011) doi:10.1038/npre.2011.3721.4
  5. Le Novère N, Demir E, Mi H, Moodie S & Villéger A. Systems Biology Graphical Notation: Entity Relationship language Level 1. Nature Precedings (2010) doi:10.1038/npre.2011.5902.1
  6. Mi H, Schreiber F, Le Novère N, Moodie S, Sorokin A. Systems Biology Graphical Notation: Activity Flow language Level 1. Nature Precedings (2009) doi:10.1038/npre.2009.3724.1
  7. Kohn KW, Aladjem MI, Weinstein JN, Pommier Y. Molecular interaction maps of bioregulatory networks: a general rubric for systems biology. Mol Biol Cell (2006) doi:10.1091/mbc.E05-09-0824
  8. Le Novère N, Moodie S, Sorokin A, Hucka M, Schreiber F, Demir E, Mi H, Matsuoka Y, Wegner K, Kitano H. Systems Biology Graphical Notation: Process Diagram Level 1. Nature Precedings (2008) doi:10101/npre.2008.2320.1
  9. Moodie S, Le Novère N, Sorokin A, Mi H, Schreiber F. Systems Biology Graphical Notation: Process Description language Level 1. Nature Precedings (2009) doi:10.1038/npre.2009.3721.1
  10. Moodie SL, Le Novère N, Demir E, Mi H, Schreiber F. Systems Biology Graphical Notation: Process Description language Level 1. Nature Precedings (2010) doi:10101/npre.2010.3721.2
  11. Le Novère N, Moodie S, Sorokin A, Schreiber F, Mi H. Systems Biology Graphical Notation: Entity Relationship language Level 1. Nature Precedings (2009) doi:10.1038/npre.2009.3719.1
  12. Le Novère N, Moodie S, Demir E, Schreiber F, Mi H. Systems Biology Graphical Notation: Entity Relationship language Level 1. Nature Precedings (2010) doi:10.1038/npre.2010.3719.2
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