Subarachnoid cisterns

The subarachnoid cisterns are spaces formed by openings in the subarachnoid space, an anatomic space in the meninges of the brain.[1] The space separates two of the meninges, the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. These cisterns are filled with cerebrospinal fluid.[1]

Subarachnoid cisterns
Diagram showing the positions of the three principal subarachnoid cisterns, cisterna magna is shown as cisterna cerebellomedullaris
Details
Identifiers
Latincisterna subarachnoideum
Anatomical terminology

Structure

Although the pia mater adheres to the surface of the brain, closely following the contours of its gyri and sulci, the arachnoid mater only covers its superficial surface, bridging across the gyri. This leaves wider spaces between the pia and arachnoid and the cavities are known as the subarachnoid cisterns.

Although they are often described as distinct compartments, the subarachnoid cisterns are not truly anatomically distinct. Rather, these subarachnoid cisterns are separated from each other by a trabeculated porous wall with various-sized openings.

Cisterns

There are many cisterns in the brain with several large ones noted with their own name. At the base of the spinal cord is another subarachnoid cistern: the lumbar cistern. Some major subarachnoid cisterns:

  1. The vertebral artery and the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
  2. The ninth (IX), tenth (X), eleventh (XI) and twelfth (XII) cranial nerves
  1. The basilar artery and the origin of the anteroinferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
  2. The origin of the superior cerebellar arteries
  3. The sixth (VI) cranial nerve
  1. The optic chiasm
  2. The bifurcation of the basilar artery
  3. Peduncular segments of the posterior cerebral arteries (PCA)
  4. Peduncular segments of the superior cerebellar arteries
  5. Perforating branches of the PCA
  6. The posterior communicating arteries (PCoA)
  7. The basal vein
  8. The third (III) cranial nerve, which passes between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries
  • Cerebellopontine angle cistern.[2] It is situated at the cerebellopontine angle – the lateral angle between the cerebellum and the pons. It contains:
  1. The seventh (VII) and eighth (VIII) cranial nerves
  2. The anteroinferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
  3. The fifth (V) cranial nerve and the petrosal vein
  • Superior cistern - It is situated dorsal to the midbrain. Thin, sheet-like extensions of the superior cistern that extend laterally about the midbrain, connecting it to the interpeduncular cistern. Ambient cistern may also refer to the combination of these extensions and the superior cistern. It is composed of a supratentorial and an infratentorial compartment. It contains:
  1. The great cerebral vein
  2. The posterior pericallosal arteries
  3. The third portion of the superior cerebellar arteries
  4. Perforating branches of the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries
  5. The third portion of the posterior cerebral arteries
Its supratentorial portion contains:
  1. The basal vein
  2. The posterior cerebral artery
Its infratentorial portion contains:
  1. The superior cerebellar artery
  2. The fourth (IV) nerve
  • Crural cistern. It is situated around the ventrolateral aspect of the midbrain. It contains:
  1. The anterior choroidal artery
  2. The medial posterior choroidal artery
  3. The basal vein
  • Carotid cistern. It is situated between the carotid artery and the ipsilateral optic nerve. It contains:
  1. The internal carotid artery
  2. The origin of the anterior choroidal artery
  3. The origin of the posterior communicating artery
  • Insular/Sylvian cistern. It is situated in the fissure between the frontal and temporal lobes. It contains:
  1. The middle cerebral artery
  2. The middle cerebral veins
  3. The fronto-orbital veins
  4. Collaterals to the basal vein
  1. The anterior cerebral arteries (A1 and proximal A2)
  2. The anterior communicating artery
  3. Heubner's artery
  4. The hypothalamic arteries
  5. The origin of the fronto-orbital arteries
  • Lumbar cistern. It extends from the conus medullaris (L1-L2) to about the level of the second sacral vertebra. It contains the filum terminale and the nerve roots of the cauda equina. It is from the cistern that CSF is withdrawn during lumbar puncture.

It is of clinical significance that cerebral arteries, veins and cranial nerves must pass through the subarachnoid space, and these structures maintain their meningeal investment until around their point of exit from the skull.

gollark: ```Internet Data Handling email — An email and MIME handling package json — JSON encoder and decoder mailcap — Mailcap file handling mailbox — Manipulate mailboxes in various formats mimetypes — Map filenames to MIME types base64 — Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings binhex — Encode and decode binhex4 files binascii — Convert between binary and ASCII quopri — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data uu — Encode and decode uuencode files```Mostly should be libraries outside of the python core, and why are they not under file formats?
gollark: ```Concurrent Execution threading — Thread-based parallelism multiprocessing — Process-based parallelism The concurrent package concurrent.futures — Launching parallel tasks subprocess — Subprocess management sched — Event scheduler queue — A synchronized queue class _thread — Low-level threading API _dummy_thread — Drop-in replacement for the _thread module dummy_threading — Drop-in replacement for the threading module```Not THAT bad, since they mostly do different things.
gollark: Right beside each other.
gollark: ```argparse — Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commandsgetopt — C-style parser for command line options```
gollark: And there's this *different* thing for plist:```python plistlib.load(fp, *, fmt=None, use_builtin_types=True, dict_type=dict)```

See also

References

  1. Purves, Dale (2011). Neuroscience (5th ed.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer. p. 742. ISBN 978-087893-695-3.
  2. Yee, Juliana K. "Cerebellopontine angle cistern | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org". radiopaedia.org.
  • Nolte, J (2002) The Human Brain, 5th edition. ISBN 0-323-01320-1, 87
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.