Stratum spinosum

The stratum spinosum (or spinous layer/prickle cell layer)[1] is a layer of the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale.[2] Their spiny (Latin, spinosum) appearance is due to shrinking of the microfilaments between desmosomes that occurs when stained with H&E. Keratinization begins in the stratum spinosum.[3] This layer is composed of polyhedral keratinocytes. They have large pale-staining nuclei as they are active in synthesizing fibrilar proteins, known as cytokeratin, which build up within the cells aggregating together forming tonofibrils. The tonofibrils go on to form the desmosomes, which allow for strong connections to form between adjacent keratinocytes.

Histologic image showing a section of epidermis. Stratum spinosum labeled slightly below center.

Diffuse hyperplasia of the stratum spinosum is termed acanthosis.

Additional images
  • Epidermis and dermis of human skin
  • Section of epidermis
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gollark: You're unpacking a function. You need to actually call it.
gollark: The OC-specific docs are here but they're kind of bad: https://ocdoc.cil.li/
gollark: It's not a *video*, but you can read the PIL manual for Lua here: https://www.lua.org/pil/contents.html - it doesn't cover OC-specific stuff but it's good to know.
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See also

Spinous cell

References
  1. McGrath, J.A.; Eady, R.A.; Pope, F.M. (2004). Rook's Textbook of Dermatology (Seventh Edition). Blackwell Publishing. Pages 3.7-3.8. ISBN 978-0-632-06429-8.
  2. James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005) Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Saunders. Page 2. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
  3. Marks, James G; Miller, Jeffery (2006). Lookingbill and Marks' Principles of Dermatology (4th ed.). Elsevier Inc. Page 6. ISBN 1-4160-3185-5.
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