Stain (heraldry)

In heraldry, a stain (sometimes termed stainand colour or staynard colour) is one of a few non-standard tinctures or colours (namely murrey, sanguine and tenné), which are only known to occur in post-medieval heraldry and are thought to denote a rebatement of honour. Almost none of these rebatements are found in fact of heraldic practice, however, and in British heraldry the stains find only exceptional use, other than for purposes of livery.[1]

Murrey
Murrey in color & hatching

Murrey (deriving from late Middle English, via Old French from Medieval Latin moratus, from morum 'mulberry') is mulberry-coloured, or reddish purple. The murrey colour used in coats of arms & armorials should be clearly darker than purpure and stand out from it, to approximately the same extent that sanguine is darker than Gules and brunâtre from tenné.[2] A good comparison between the two tinctures could be obtained from comparing the murrey in the coat of arms of the University of Wales, with the lion purpure adorning the coat of arms of the Kingdom of León.

Sanguine
Sanguine in color & hatching

Sanguine (deriving from Middle English, from French sanguin(e) 'of blood', from Latin sanguineus 'of blood', from sanguis, sanguin- 'blood') is a brownish red, or blood-red colour. It is due to be darker than Gules, the regular red, from approximately the same extent as murrey to purpure, and brunâtre from tenné.[3]

It can also be used for the depiction of animals said écorché ('scorched') in French heraldry, although this is very rarely used among the already rare occurrences of blazons depicting bleeding animals, on which the regular Gules is used instead.

Tenné
Tenné in color & hatching

Tenné (deriving mid-16th century from an obsolete French variant of Old French tané)[4] (sometimes termed tawny) is an orange-tawny colour, though orange is considered distinct in continental European and African heraldic traditions. Called tanné in modern and actual French heraldry, it refers to the leather tanning process and to the color the finished product is said to have, hence the name tanné ('tanned'). Being the initial shade of brown available by itself in heraldry, its hatching form naturally took the shape of red and green lines mixed together. Tenné is expected to be slightly darker than Gules, clearly darker than orange, but lighter than brunatre (dark brown), sanguine (dark red), murrey (dark purple) & sable (black).

Historical examples
Flag of the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939)
gollark: Disclaimer: By buying this product you agree that we may initiate organ harvesting at any time.
gollark: Just say "if you buy this you are very stupid" in small text on the advertising page or whatever, all ethical problems solved.
gollark: Maybe anti-government-hologram glasses.
gollark: What would *Flat Earthers* buy? Flat globes?
gollark: You should also avoid thinking, in case you accidentally conclude anything.

See also

References
  1. Fox-Davies (1909), pp. 72-73.
  2. "murrey". Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved 2012-08-11.
  3. "sanguine". Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved 2012-08-11.
  4. "tenné". Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved 2012-08-11.
  5. "Arms and Crest". University of Wales. Retrieved 2012-08-11.
  6. Provisional Government of the Republic of Spain. Decreto del Gobierno Provisional de la República de 27 de abril de 1931  (in Spanish) – via Wikisource.

Bibliography
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