St Andrew Square, Edinburgh

St Andrew Square is a city square in Edinburgh, Scotland located at the east end of George Street. The gardens are owned by a number of private owners, managed by Essential Edinburgh and opened to the public in 2008.[1] The construction of St Andrew Square began in 1772,[2] as the first part of the New Town, designed by James Craig. Within six years of its completion St Andrew Square became one of the most desirable and most fashionable residential areas in the city.[2] As the 19th century came to a close, St Andrew Square evolved into the commercial centre of the city.

St Andrew Square

View west over the square
Type	Public square
Maintained by	Essential Edinburgh
Location	Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Coordinates	55°57′15″N 3°11′35″W

Royal Bank of Scotland head office, formerly the home of Sir Lawrence Dundas

Most of the square used to be made up of major offices of banks and insurance companies, making it one of the major financial centres in Scotland. At one time, St Andrew Square could claim to be the richest area of its size in the whole of Scotland.[3] It now also has shops, including the department store Harvey Nichols, the Edinburgh Grand Hotel and apartments, and a series of London chain restaurants and bars on its south side, such as Wagamama, Drake & Morgan, Dishoom and The Ivy.

Points of interest

Melville Monument, St Andrew Square

Dominating the centre of St Andrew Square is the fluted column of the Melville Monument, commemorating Henry Dundas, the first Viscount Melville, best known for campaigning for the abolition of slavery.[4] The Melville Monument is surrounded by St Andrew Square Gardens, recently redesigned and opened to the public.

On the east side of the square stands the impressive mansion of Dundas House, built by Sir William Chambers for Sir Lawrence Dundas between 1772 and 1774. Once the intended site for St Andrew's Church, Dundas House became the head office of the Royal Bank of Scotland in 1825.[5] Architectural features of Dundas House are represented today on the "Ilay" series of banknotes issued by the Royal Bank; the building's Palladian facade features on the obverse of each note, and the background graphic on both sides of the notes is a radial star design which is based on the ornate ceiling of the banking hall inside Dundas House, designed by John Dick Peddie in 1857.[6][7]

A short distance from Dundas House, down George Street, is where St. Andrew's Church was built in 1784. In 1806 the head office of the British Linen Bank moved to St. Andrew Square. The building was a branch of the Bank of Scotland until 2016.[8] St. Andrew Square was also home to the National Bank of Scotland, which was headquartered at No. 42, until it merged with the Royal Bank of Scotland in 1969.

Beneath the eastern streets of the square lies the long disused Scotland Street Tunnel, which continues under the New Town to Canonmills. The tunnel was built in 1847 [9] as part of the Edinburgh, Leith and Newhaven Railway. Its southern end was demolished in the 1980s during the construction of the Waverley Market shopping centre.

Notable residents

Many famous Scots occupied the residences of St Andrew Square. On the north side of the square, No. 21 was the birthplace of Lord Henry Brougham in 1778. His family was one of the first families to take up residency in St Andrew Square.[2] Another resident was philosopher and economist David Hume, friend of architect Robert Adam. Hume was persuaded to move to St Andrew Square by Adam with the hopes that the recruitment of such a powerful person would induce others to cross from the Old Town to the New Town and St Andrew Square.[3] Hume chose a site on the southwest side of the square at the corner of Princes Street and an unnamed street (later named St David Street).[10] Also on the north side, No. 26 was the home to architect Sir William Chambers.

Transport

Edinburgh Bus Station

St Andrew Square has been used as a transport hub for a number of years. The former St Andrew Square Bus station was redeveloped in 2003 to incorporate a new luxury shopping street, Multrees Walk, and the Edinburgh branch of Harvey Nichols.

Buses

Edinburgh Bus Station is located to the east of the square. It is served by long-distance bus & coach operators, such as Scottish Citylink and Stagecoach Fife.

Local bus services have stops to the north of the square and on North St David Street.

Tram

The square acquired a tram stop on its eastern side in May 2014, when the new Edinburgh Trams came into operation. This is the nearest stop for Edinburgh Waverley railway station which lies approx 400m south, and for Edinburgh bus station which is 50m to the north.

Trams operate from St Andrew Square to Edinburgh Airport, calling at thirteen intermediate stops.

Preceding station		Edinburgh Trams		Following station
York Place towards York Place		Edinburgh Trams Line 1		Princes Street towards Airport

References

1. "History of St Andrew Square". Essential Edinburgh. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
2. Lang, p.124
3. Lang, p.125
4. Wilson and Smallman, p.83
5. Wilson and Smallman, p.84
6. "Our Banknotes – The Ilay Series". The Royal Bank of Scotland Group. 2008. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
7. "Dundas Mansion, Edinburgh". Edinburgh Architecture. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
8. "Branch review" (PDF). Bank of Scotland. 5 September 2016.
9. "Scotland Street Tunnel". Subterranea Britannica.
10. Daiches, p.130

Bibliography

• Campbell, Donald. Edinburgh: A Cultural and Literary History. Northampton, MA: Interlink Books, 2004.
• Catford, E. F. Edinburgh: The Story of a City. London: Hutchinson & Co. Ltd., 1975.
• Daiches, David. Edinburgh. London: Hamish Hamilton Limited, 1978.
• Geddie, John. Romantic Edinburgh. 2nd ed. Edinburgh (London, Glasgow): Sands & Co., 1911.
• Lang, Theo, ed. The Queen’s Scotland: Edinburgh and the Lothians. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1952.
• Wilson, Neil, and Tom Smallman. Edinburgh. 2nd ed. Footscray, Australia: Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd., 2002.
• Youngson, A. J. The Making of Classical Edinburgh: 1750 – 1840. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1968.