Spyridon Mavrogenis

Spyridon Mavrogenis Pasha[1] (Greek: Σπυρίδων Μαυρογένης), in Turkish known as Ispiro Mavroyani,[2] was a Phanariot Greek doctor who was the physician of Abdul Hamid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.[1] Constantinos Trompoukis and John Lascaratos described him as "a prolific scholar".[3]

In this Ottoman Turkish style name, Spyridon is the given name, the title is Pasha, and the family name is Mavrogenis.
Photo of Spyridon Mavrogenis Pasha

He knew Greek, French, and German.[4]

History

A member of the Mavrogenis family, his great-grandfather was Petros Mavrogenis.[5] Theodore Blancard stated that the Mavrogenises or the Morozonis were of Venetian heritage.[6] His father died when he was young, so he lived with his uncle, Ioannis Mavrogenis, who was living in Vienna as the chargé d'affairs of the local Ottoman mission. He had studied at the Chalcis Commercial School prior to living with his uncle and at a medical studies programme in Vienna from 1835-1843. He initially remained in that city, working in city-owned hospital as an auxiliary doctor. He came back to Constantinople in 1845.[4]

Whilst back in Turkey, he became a doctor in the Artillery Hospital, and then, beginning in 1848, a professor at the Imperial Medical School. He initially taught hygiene, and later pathology. There he advocated for French as a medium of instruction.[4] He held meetings of the Greek Literary Society, created in 1861, at his house.[7]

His son, Alexandros Mavrogenis, was a diplomat.[1] George Anogianakis, author of "Reflections of Western Thinking on Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Thought: A Critique of the 'Hard-Problem' by Spyridon Mavrogenis, a Nineteenth Century Physiologist," wrote that the fact his son had such a coveted job "is indicative of Mavrogenis' influence".[5] When his relationship with Abdul Hamid deteriorated, his son lost his envoy job.[1]

Works
The Life of Constantine Caratheodory by Mavrogenis
  • "The Life of Constantine Caratheodory" (Βίος Κωνσταντίνος Καραθεοδωρή). Gauthier-Villars (Paris), 1885.
    • Mavrogenis was a friend of Caratheodory,[3] who was a founder and member of the literary society, and the biography was issued for a 7 January 1880 celebration.[7] As the Ottoman authorities censored works published domestically, this biography was published abroad. Caratheodory's older son asked Mavrogenis to add two narrations, one about a presentation by Caratheodory at the Medical Academy of Paris and one about an account of Mahmud II's death deriving from a pamphlet edited by Caratheodory. Mavrogenis edited the biography five years after the initial publication.[3]

He also wrote an entry in "Treatises of Physiology".[8]

Honours

In the title page of his monograph on Constantin Carathéodory, his titles are stated:

Notes
  1. Kuneralp, Sinan. "Ottoman Diplomatic and Consular Personnel in the United States of America, 1867-1917." In: Criss, Nur Bilge, Selçuk Esenbel, Tony Greenwood, and Louis Mazzari (editors). American Turkish Encounters: Politics and Culture, 1830-1989 (EBSCO Ebook Academic Collection). Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 12 July 2011. ISBN 144383260X, 9781443832601. Start: p. 100. CITED: 102.
  2. Tarih ve toplum: aylık ansiklopedik dergi, Issues 25-36. İletişim Yayınları, 1986. p. 44. "Ispiro Mavroyani (Spiridon Mavrogenis) [...]" Seen in these Google Books search results
  3. Trompoukis, Constantinos; Lascaratos, John (January 2001). "The professor Constantinos Caratheodory (1802-1879) - His biography by Spyridon Mavrogeni Pasha". Yeni Tıp Tarihi Araştırmaları = the New History of Medicine Studies (7): 27–33. - Cited: p. 28.
  4. Trompoukis and Lascaratos, "Greek Professors of the Medical School of Constantinople during a Period of Reformation (1839–76)," p. 228.
  5. Anogianakis, p. 96.
  6. Anogianakis, p. 95.
  7. Constantinos, Trompoukis; Lascaratos, John (January 2001). "The professor Constantinos Caratheodory (1802-1879) - His biography by Spyridon Mavrogeni Pasha". Yeni Tıp Tarihi Araştırmaları = the New History of Medicine Studies (7): 27–33. - Cited: p. 27.
  8. Anogianakis, p. 93.
gollark: I'll go release bees or something.
gollark: Yes.
gollark: Too bad, you are to.
gollark: *Why* is it stuck on RTC connecting?
gollark: Hmm. Apparently the bees are beeing and I cannot connect.

References
  • Anogianakis, George. "Reflections of Western Thinking on Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Thought: A Critique of the 'Hard-Problem' by Spyridon Mavrogenis, a Nineteenth Century Physiologist" (Chapter 6). In: Smith, C.U.M. (Aston University) and Harry Whitaker (Northern Michigan University) (editors). Brain, Mind and Consciousness in the History of Neuroscience. Springer Science and Business, 23 April 2014. ISBN 9401787743, 9789401787741.
  • Trompoukis, Constantinos; Lascaratos, John (2003). "Greek Professors of the Medical School of Constantinople during a Period of Reformation (1839–76)". Journal of Medical Biography. 11 (4): 226–231. doi:10.1177/096777200301100411. PMID 14562157. - First published November 1, 2003.

Further reading
  • Günergun, Feza (2004). "Spiridon Mavroyéni Pacha (1817-1902) et sa contribution à la diffusion des sciences médicales dans l'Empire Ottoman". Osmanli Bilimi Araştirmalari ("Studies in Ottoman Science") (in French). 6 (1): 37–63. - Available at Academia.edu
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