Splügen

Splügen (Romansh: Spleia, Italian: Spluga) is a former municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2006 Splügen incorporated its neighbouring municipality of Medels im Rheinwald. On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of Hinterrhein, Nufenen and Splügen merged to form the new municipality of Rheinwald.

This article is about the town. For the pass between Italy and Switzerland, see Splügen Pass.
Splügen
Former municipality of Switzerland
Coat of arms
Location of Splügen
Splügen
Splügen
Coordinates: 46°33′N 9°19′E
CountrySwitzerland
CantonGraubünden
DistrictViamala
Government
 • MayorWalter Mengelt
Area
 • Total60.49 km2 (23.36 sq mi)
Elevation
1,475 m (4,839 ft)
Population
 (2018-12-31)[2]
 • Total378
 • Density6.2/km2 (16/sq mi)
Postal code
7435
SFOS number3694
LocalitiesMedels im Rheinwald
Surrounded byMadesimo (IT-SO), Mesocco, Nufenen, Safien, Sufers
Websitewww.gemeinde-spluegen.ch
SFSO statistics

In 1995, the Swiss Heritage Society bestowed the Wakker Prize to Splügen.

History

Splügen is first mentioned about 840 as cella in Speluca.[3]

Geography
Splügen

Splügen has an area, as of 2006, of 60.5 km2 (23.4 sq mi). Of this area, 38.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 17.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (42.9%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).[4]

Before 2017, the municipality was located in the Rheinwald sub-district, of the Hinterrhein district, after 2017 it was part of the Viamala Region.[5] It consists of the village of Splügen and since 1 January 2006, Medels im Rheinwald. It is a haufendorf (an irregular, unplanned and quite closely packed village, built around a central square) located on a ridge between the Splügen pass and San Bernardino pass.

The Splügen Pass road leads from Splügen to Chiavenna and rises to a height of 2,020 meters (6,630 ft). The Italian name for the pass is Passo dello Spluga. The pass is closed in winter nowadays and the whole route hosts a number of historically interesting spots that can be reached on a common multiday hike between Thusis and Chiavenna,[6] passing the two gorges Roflaschlucht and Viamala north of Splügen.

Demographics

Splügen has a population (as of 31 December 2018) of 377.[7] As of 2008, 10.7% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -8.3%.[4]

As of 2000, the gender distribution of the population was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.[8] The age distribution, as of 2000, in Splügen is; 25 people or 13.2% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old. 22 people or 11.6% are 10 to 14, and 3 people or 1.6% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 8 people or 4.2% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 35 people or 18.5% are 30 to 39, 20 people or 10.6% are 40 to 49, and 15 people or 7.9% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution is 28 people or 14.8% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 21 people or 11.1% are 70 to 79, there are 11 people or 5.8% who are 80 to 89, and there are 1 people or 0.5% who are 90 to 99.[9]

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 47.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (23.4%), the SPS (22.6%) and the CVP (6.2%).[4]

In Splügen about 67.6% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).[4]

Splügen has an unemployment rate of 0.33%. As of 2005, there were 39 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 16 businesses involved in this sector. 27 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 6 businesses in this sector. 150 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 30 businesses in this sector.[4]

The historical population is given in the following table:[3]

year population
1690 360
1850 494
1900 373
1930 336
1950 387
2000 365

Languages

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (89.8%), with Italian being second most common (2.7%) and Portuguese being third (2.4%).[4]

Languages in Splügen
LanguagesCensus 1980Census 1990Census 2000
NumberPercentNumberPercentNumberPercent
German35084.34%36487.71%36989.78%
Romansh307.23%184.34%81.95%
Italian204.82%92.17%112.68%
Population415100%415100%411100%

Tourism
Splügen in winter

Skiing

Splügen, in the winter, is a ski resort with a lift going in the direction of the Splügen Pass.

Heritage sites of national significance
Hotel Weiss Kreuz

The former Säumerherberge (mule drivers hostel) Weiss Kreuz is listed as a Swiss heritage sites of national significance.[10]

Wakker Prize

In 1995, the Swiss Heritage Society bestowed the Wakker Prize to Splügen. The prize description notes that Splügen had reached a notable compromise between preservation and tourism. The old town was strictly protected to maintain the original appearance, while rational zone planning allowed development to occur outside the old village.[11]

gollark: So yes, it's "you can't define a total ordering which works sensibly with other stuff", not "it is literally impossible for you to come up with some stupid one".
gollark: For example, "lexicographic sorting of the complex number represented as a string a+bi".
gollark: Well, I can come up with orderings, just really stupid ones.
gollark: As in, I literally cannot come up with a definition which works, or there's not one which is consistent with other maths?
gollark: Time to define a total order on complex numbers!

References
  1. "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  2. "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  3. Splügen in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  4. Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 06-Oct-2009
  5. Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz - Mutationsmeldungen 2016 accessed 16 February 2017
  6. (in English) Hiking Switzerland Graubünden Via Spluga cultural history route Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  7. Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB, online database – Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit (in German) accessed 23 September 2019
  8. Graubunden in Numbers Archived 24 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 21 September 2009
  9. Graubunden Population Statistics Archived 27 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 21 September 2009
  10. Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance Archived 1 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine 21.11.2008 version, (in German) accessed 06-Oct-2009
  11. Swiss Heritage Society (in German) accessed 6 October 2009

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