Spirotetramat

Spirotetramat (ISO Name) is a keto-enol insecticide developed by Bayer CropScience under the brand names Movento[2] and Ultor.[3]

Spirotetramat
Names
IUPAC name
cis-3-(2,5-Xylyl)-4-(ethoxycarbonyloxy)-8-methoxy-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one
Other names
Spirotetramat, Movento, Ultor, cis-3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl carbonate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ECHA InfoCard 100.106.958
EC Number
  • 606-523-6
UNII
Properties
C21H27NO5
Molar mass 373.449 g·mol−1
Density 1.23 g/cm3
Melting point 142 °C (288 °F; 415 K)
Boiling point 235 °C (455 °F; 508 K) (decomposes)
Practically insoluble (0.03 g/L at 20 °C and pH 7)
Solubility in dichloromethane Easily soluble
Acidity (pKa) 6.9[1]
Hazards
Main hazards Irritant
GHS Signal word Warning
GHS hazard statements
 H317, H319, H335, H361, H400, H410
P201, P202, P261, P264, P271, P272, P273, P280, P281, P302+352, P304+340, P305+351+338, P308+313, P312, P321, P333+313, P337+313, P363, P391, P403+233, P405, P501
Flash point Non-flammable
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Mechanism

Spirotetramat is active against piercing-sucking insects, such as aphids, mites, and white flies, by acting as an ACC inhibitor, interrupting lipid biosynthesis in the insects. It is a systemic insecticide that penetrates plant leaves when sprayed on. It is ambimobile, being transported both upwards and downwards through vascular bundles.[4] In plants, it is hydrolyzed to the enol form by cleavage of the central ethoxycarbonyl group. This enol is more stable due to double bond being in a ring and the conjugation with the amide group and the benzene ring.

Regulation

Bayer obtained spirotetramat's first regulatory approval in Tunisia in 2007.[5][6] It was recognized by the European Union May 1, 2014.[7]

Toxicology and safety

Spirotetramat has moderate to low acute toxicity, is irritating to eyes and potentially sensitizing to skin. When tested on rats, it was not shown to be carcinogenic.[8] In Denmark, it is listed as harmful to aquatic invertebrates, but not dangerous to bees.[9]

gollark: I²*S*, and maybe, but probably don't do it too often without good filters.
gollark: Apparently the "RMT" (remote control interface) thing it has might be helpful: https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32/api-reference/peripherals/rmt.html
gollark: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSiRkpgwVKY (with an ESP8266 though).
gollark: I think I read that the ESP32's I²S hardware could do something vaguely PWM-like up to 80MHz.
gollark: I don't know *that* much. It just seems like it might require a lot of routing table entries on every node to work.

References
  1. "Biological Buffers". Sigma-Aldrich.
  2. "Movento". Crop Science.
  3. "US EPA, Pesticide Produce Label, ULTOR, 05/06/2011" (PDF). EPA.
  4. Bruck E, et al. (Oct 2009). "Movento, an innovative ambimobile insecticide for sucking insect pest control in agriculture: Biological profile and field performance". Crop Protection. 28 (10): 838–844. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2009.06.015.
  5. Braham M, Glida-Gnidez H, Hajji L (7 Aug 2012). "Management of the tomato borer, Tuta absoluta in Tunisia with novel insecticides and plant extracts". EPPO Bulletin. 42 (2): 291–296. doi:10.1111/epp.2572.
  6. Agropages: New insecticide spirotetramat granted first regulatory approval." (15 november 2007)
  7. COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 1177/2013. (23 January 2018)
  8. "EPA Pesticide Fact Sheet, juni 2008" (PDF).
  9. "Merit Gran - Produktoplysninger - Middeldatabasen". middeldatabasen.dk.
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