Spicule (nematode anatomy)

In nematodes, spicules, also known as copulatory spicules, are needle-like mating structures found only in males.[1]

Spicule protruding from the spicular sheath at the posterior end of a male Eucoleus aerophilus

Male caudal end of Capillaria plectropomi, with spinose spicular sheath and extruded spicule. Transmission electron microscopy.

Left spicule in a male Pterygodermatites baiomydis

Male nematodes may have one or two spicules which serve to open the vulva of females and facilitate the transmission of sperm, although sperm is not transferred directly by or through the spicules.[2][3] The gubernaculum is another organ of the nematode male copulatory system which guides the spicules during copulation.

References

Cheng, Thomas C. (1986). General Parasitology (2nd ed.). Oxford: Elsevier Science. p. 479. ISBN 0-323-14010-6.
Gaugler, edited by Randy; Bilgrami, Anwar L. (2004). Nematode Behaviour. Wallingford: CABI. pp. 136–138. ISBN 0-85199-955-7.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
Chitwood, B. G. & Chitwood, M. B. (1950). Introduction to Nematology (Vol. 1). Baltimore: Monumental Printing Co.doi:10.5962/bhl.title.7355 (Function of spicule: pages 123-124)

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[Cheng86-1] Cheng, Thomas C. (1986). General Parasitology (2nd ed.). Oxford: Elsevier Science. p. 479. ISBN 0-323-14010-6.

[Nematode_Behaviour-2] Gaugler, edited by Randy; Bilgrami, Anwar L. (2004). Nematode Behaviour. Wallingford: CABI. pp. 136–138. ISBN 0-85199-955-7.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)

[3] Chitwood, B. G. & Chitwood, M. B. (1950). Introduction to Nematology (Vol. 1). Baltimore: Monumental Printing Co.doi:10.5962/bhl.title.7355 (Function of spicule: pages 123-124)