Sphaerodactylus

Sphaerodactylus is a genus of geckos from the Americas [2] that are distinguished from other Gekkota by their small size, by their round, rather than vertical, eye pupils, and by each digit terminating in a single, round adhesive pad or scale, from which their name (Sphaero = round, dactylus = finger) is derived. All species in this genus are rather small, but two species, S. ariasae and S. parthenopion, are tiny, and – with a snout-vent length of about 1.6 cm (0.63 in) – the smallest reptiles in the world.[3]

Sphaerodactylus
Sphaerodactylus macrolepis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Family: Sphaerodactylidae
Genus: Sphaerodactylus
Wagler, 1830[1]

Species

The following 107 species are recognized as being valid.[4]

  • Sphaerodactylus alphus McCranie & Hedges, 2013
  • Sphaerodactylus altavelensis Noble, 1933 - Alto Velo least gecko, Alto Velo sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus argivus Garman, 1888 - Cayman least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus argus Gosse, 1850 - ocellated gecko, ocellated sphaero, stippled sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus ariasae Hedges & Thomas, 2001 - Jaragua sphaero, Jaragua dwarf gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus armasi Schwartz & Garrido, 1974 - Guantanamo least gecko, Guantanamo coastal gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus armstrongi Noble, 1933 - Armstrong's least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus asterulus Schwartz & Graham, 1980 - Haitian least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus beattyi Grant, 1937 - Saint Croix's sphaero, Beatty's least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus becki Schmidt, 1919 - Beck's least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus bromeliarum G. Peters & Schwartz, 1977 - El Yunque least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus caicosensis Cochran, 1934 - Caicos banded sphaero, Caicos least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus callocricus Schwartz, 1976 - rough-banded sphaero, callous least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus celicara Garrido & Schwartz, 1982 - Baracoan eyespot sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus cinereus Wagler, 1830 - gray gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus clenchi Shreve, 1968 - peninsula least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus cochranae Ruibal, 1946 - Cochran's least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus continentalis F. Werner, 1896
  • Sphaerodactylus copei Steindachner, 1867 - Cope's least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus corticola Garman, 1888 - central Bahamas sphaero, Rum Cay least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus cricoderus Thomas, Hedges & Garrido, 1992 - Turquino collared sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus cryphius Thomas & Schwartz, 1977 - Bakoruco least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus dacnicolor Barbour, 1910 - Jamaican tailspot sphaero, eastern Jamaican sharpnosed sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus darlingtoni Shreve, 1968 - Darlington's least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus difficilis Barbour, 1914 - Hispaniolan eyespot sphaero, difficult least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus dimorphicus Fong & Díaz, 2004
  • Sphaerodactylus docimus Schwartz & Garrido, 1985 - Cabo Cruz banded sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus dunni Schmidt, 1936 - Dunn's least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus elasmorhynchus Thomas, 1966 - Marche Leon least gecko, snout-shield sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus elegans Macleay, 1834 - ashy gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus elegantulus Barbour, 1917 - Antigua least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus epiurus Thomas & Hedges, 1993 - Hispaniolan tailspot sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus exsul Barbour, 1914
  • Sphaerodactylus fantasticus A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1836 - fantastic least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus gaigeae Grant, 1932 -chevronated sphaero, Gaige's least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus gilvitorques Cope, 1862 - Jamaican collared sphaero, Jamaican least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus glaucus Cope, 1866 - collared dwarf gecko, least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus goniorhynchus Cope, 1895 - Jamaican forest sphaero, Cakoarita least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis Stejneger, 1904 - big-scaled least gecko, big-scaled dwarf gecko, cotton ginner
  • Sphaerodactylus graptolaemus Harris & Kluge, 1984 - Costa Rica least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus guanajae McCranie & Hedges, 2012
  • Sphaerodactylus heliconiae Harris, 1982
  • Sphaerodactylus homolepis Cope, 1886 - Caribbean least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus inaguae Noble, 1932[5] - Inagua sphaero, Inagua least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus inigoi Thomas & Schwartz, 1966 - Isla Vieques dwarf gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus intermedius Barbour & Ramsden, 1919 - Mantanzas least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus kirbyi Lazell, 1994 - Bequia dwarf gecko, Bequia sphaero, Grenadines sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus klauberi Grant, 1931
  • Sphaerodactylus ladae Thomas & Hedges, 1988 - Martin Garcia least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus lazelli Shreve, 1968 - Cap-Haitien least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus leonardovaldesi McCranie & Hedges, 2012
  • Sphaerodactylus leucaster Schwartz, 1973 - eastern least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus levinsi Heatwole, 1968 - Desecheo gecko, Isla Desecheo least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus lineolatus Lichtenstein & von Martens, 1856 - Panama least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus macrolepis Günther, 1859 - big-scaled least gecko, big-scaled dwarf gecko, cotton ginner
  • Sphaerodactylus mariguanae Cochran, 1934 - southern Bahamas sphaero, Mayaguana least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus microlepis J.T. Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862 - little-scaled least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus micropithecus Schwartz, 1977 - Monito gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus Hallowell, 1861 - spotted least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus molei Boettger, 1894 - Tobago least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus monensis Meerwarth, 1901 - Mona least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus nicholsi Grant, 1931 - Nichols least gecko, Nichol's dwarf sphaero, Puerto Rican crescent sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus Gray, 1845 - black-spotted least gecko, three-banded sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus notatus Baird, 1859 - reef gecko, brown-speckled sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus nycteropus Thomas & Schwartz, 1977 - Morne Dubois least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus ocoae Schwartz, 1977 - Peravia least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus oliveri Grant, 1944 - Juventud least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus omoglaux Thomas, 1982 - Fond Parisien least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus oxyrhinus Gosse, 1850 - Jamaican sharpnosed sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus pacificus Stejneger, 1903 - Pacific least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus parkeri (Grant, 1939) - Parker's least gecko, southern Jamaica banded sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus parthenopion Thomas, 1965 - Virgin Islands dwarf sphaero, Virgin Gorda least gecko, Virgin Islands dwarf gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus parvus King, 1962
  • Sphaerodactylus perissodactylius Thomas & Hedges, 1988 - Dominican least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus phyzacinus Thomas, 1964
  • Sphaerodactylus pimienta Thomas, Hedges & Garrido, 1998 - pepper sphaero, Cuban pepper sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus plummeri Thomas & Hedges, 1992 - Barahona big-scaled sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus poindexteri McCranie & Hedges, 2013
  • Sphaerodactylus ramsdeni Ruibal, 1959 - Ramsden's least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus randi Shreve, 1968 - Pedernales least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus rhabdotus Schwartz, 1970 - two-striped sphaero, Vallede Neiba least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus richardi Hedges & Garrido, 1993 - Richard's banded sphaero, Zapata big-scaled sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus richardsonii Gray, 1845 - Richardson's least gecko, northern Jamaica banded sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus roosevelti Grant, 1931 - Roosevelt's beige sphaero, Roosevelt's least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus rosaurae Parker, 1940 - Bay Island least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus ruibali Grant, 1959 - Ruibal's least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus sabanus Cochran, 1938 - Saba least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus samanensis Cochran, 1932 - Samana least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus savagei Shreve, 1968 - Altagracia speckled sphaero, Savage's least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus scaber Barbour & Ramsden, 1919 - double-collared sphaero, Camaguey least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus scapularis Boulenger, 1902 - Boulenger's least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus schuberti Thomas & Hedges, 1998 - Neiba agave geckolet, Neiba agave sphaero, Schubert's least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus schwartzi Thomas, Hedges & Garrido, 1992 - Guantanamo collared sphaero, Monitongas collared geckolet, Schwartz's dwarf gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus semasiops Thomas, 1975 - Cockpit eyespot sphaero, Cockpit least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus shrevei Lazell, 1961 - Shreve's least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus siboney Fong & Diaz, 2004
  • Sphaerodactylus sommeri Graham, 1981 - TerreNueve least gecko, Terre-Neuve least gecko, northwest Haitian banded geckolet
  • Sphaerodactylus sputator (Sparrman, 1784) - island least gecko
  • Sphaerodactylus storeyae Grant, 1944 - Isle of Pines sphaero, Los Canarreos sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus streptophorus Thomas & Schwartz, 1977 - Hispaniola least gecko, Hispaniolan small-eared sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus thompsoni Schwartz & Franz, 1976 - Thompson's least gecko, Barahona limestone sphaero
  • Sphaerodactylus torrei Barbour, 1914 - Barbour's least gecko, Cuban broad-banded geckolet
  • Sphaerodactylus townsendi Grant, 1931 - Townsend's least gecko, Townsend's dwarf sphaero, Puerto Rican sandy geckolet
  • Sphaerodactylus underwoodi Schwartz, 1968 - Underwood's least gecko, Turks Islands geckolet
  • Sphaerodactylus vincenti Boulenger, 1891 - Vincent's least gecko, Central Lesser Antillean sphaero, Windward geckolet
  • Sphaerodactylus williamsi Thomas & Schwartz, 1983 - Williams's least gecko, Haitian striped geckolet
  • Sphaerodactylus zygaena Schwartz, 1977 - Dame-Marie least gecko, Tiburon coastal geckolet

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Sphaerodactylus.

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References
  1. "Sphaerodactylus ". ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). www.itis.gov.
  2. Gamble T, Bauer AM, Colli GR, Greenbaum E, Jackman TR, Vitt LJ, Simons AM (2011). "Coming to America: Multiple Origins of New World Geckos". Journal of Evolutionary Biology 24: 231–244.
  3. Pennsylvania State University (2001). World's Smallest Lizard Discovered in the Caribbean Archived 2009-02-02 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 26 January 2009.
  4. "Sphaerodactylus ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  5. Noble, G.K. and Klingel, G.C. August 11, 1932. American Museum Novitates number 549: "The Reptiles of Great Inagua Island, British West Indies."

Further reading
  • Schwartz A, Thomas R (1975). A Check-list of West Indian Amphibians and Reptiles. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication No. 1. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 216 pp. (Sphaerodactylus, pp. 142–164).
  • Wagler J (1830). Natürliches System der AMPHIBIEN, mit vorangehender Classification der SÄUGTHIERE und VÖGEL. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. Munich, Stuttgart and Tübingen: J.G. Cotta. vi + 354 pp. + one plate. (Sphaerodactylus, new genus, p. 143). (in German and Latin).
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