Speckled kingsnake

The speckled kingsnake (Lampropeltis holbrooki) is a nonvenomous species of kingsnake, which is endemic to the United States.

Lampropeltis holbrooki
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Colubridae
Genus: Lampropeltis
Species:
L. holbrooki
Binomial name
Lampropeltis holbrooki
Stejneger, 1902
Synonyms[1]
  • Coronella sayi
    Holbrook, 1842
  • Lampropeltis holbrooki
    Stejneger, 1902
  • Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki
    — M. Allen, 1932
  • Lampropeltis getula holbrooki
    — Crother, 2000
  • Lampropeltis holbrooki
    — Pyron & Burbrink, 2009

Description
Adult in Mississippi

The speckled kingsnake usually grows up to 48 inches (120 cm) in total length (including tail), but the record total length is 72 inches (180 cm). The common name is derived from the pattern, which is black, with small yellow-white specks, one speck in the center of almost every dorsal scale. It is also known as the "salt-and-pepper snake".[2]

Geographic range

The speckled kingsnake is found in the central and southern United States from southern Iowa to the Gulf of Mexico.[3] Its range overlaps that of the desert kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula splendida, and it is known to intergrade with that subspecies.

Habitat

The speckled kingsnake prefers wetter habitats than other kingsnakes, like swamps and rivers, but it does commonly venture to dry areas like woodlands and grassy fields.

Diet

The diet of the speckled kingsnake consists of mammals, birds, rodents, frogs, lizards, and other snakes. It kills by constriction.

Behavior

When threatened, the speckled kingsnake will shake its tail like a rattlesnake to deter predators. It frequently will expel musk and feces or bite when threatened.

It is usually docile, often striking only one or two times after capture, and is frequently kept as a pet. It is commonly captive bred.

Taxonomy and etymology

This snake was first described by American herpetologist John Edwards Holbrook in 1842. At that time he called it Coronella sayi under the mistaken impression that it was the species previously described by Schlegel as Coluber sayi. In 1902 Stejneger pointed out that because Coluber sayi is a different snake, Pituophis catenifer sayi, the name sayi could not be applied to this snake. Therefore, he proposed the name Lampropeltis holbrooki, honoring Holbrook.[4][5] It was for many years considered a subspecies of L. getula, but has been elevated to full species status as L. holbrooki. See synonymy in speciesbox.

gollark: Make them pay to leave if they start to complain.
gollark: Which game is this? I hope this is a game.
gollark: Why 4 PSUs?
gollark: How about YMDYYDYM?
gollark: I favour DDD/MMMM/YYYYYYYY, which is where you pad each thing with extra zeros for some reason.

References
  1. "Lampropeltis holbrooki ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  2. Conant R (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. xviii + 429 pp. + Plates 1-48. ISBN 0-395-19979-4 (hardcover), ISBN 0-395-19977-8 (paperback). (Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki, pp. 203-204 + Plate 29 + Map 156).
  3. "Speckled Kingsnake". Kingsnake.com. Retrieved 2009-03-16.
  4. Blanchard FN (1921). "A Revision of the King Snakes: Genus Lampropeltis ". Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. (114): 1-260.
  5. Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Lampropeltis getula holbrooki, p. 125).

Further reading
  • Behler JL, King FW (1979). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp. ISBN 0-394-50824-6. (Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki, p. 619 + Plate 560).
  • Conant R, Bridges W (1939). What Snake Is That?: A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky Mountains. (With 108 drawings by Edmond Malnate). New York and London: D. Appleton-Century. Frontispiece map + viii + 163 pp. + Plates A-C, 1-32. (Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki, pp. 77–78 + Plate12, Figure 35).
  • Holbrook JE (1842). North American Herpetology; or, A Description of the Reptiles Inhabiting the United States. Vol. III. [Second Edition]. Philadelphia: J. Dobson. 128 pp. + 30 plates. (Coronella sayi, pp. 99–101 + Plate 22).
  • Hubbs, Brian (2009). Common Kingsnakes: A Natural History of Lampropeltis getula. Tempe, Arizona: Tricolor Books. 436 pp. ISBN 978-0-9754641-1-3.
  • Schmidt KP, Davis DD (1941). Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp. (Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki, pp. 176–177, Figure 50 + Plate 19).
  • Stejneger L (1902). "The Reptiles of the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona". Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25: 149–158. (Lampropeltis holbrooki, new name, p. 152).
  • Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a division of Cornell University Press. 1,105 pp. (in two volumes). (Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki, pp. 387–391, Figure 118 + Map 33 on p. 373).
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