Special relationship (international relations)

A special relationship is a diplomatic relationship that is especially strong and important. This term is usually used to refer to the historic relationship between the United States and the United Kingdom. In its extended use outside it and the Anglosphere, it has also been used to describe the whole of EU–US relations[1] and the following relations:

• Albania–Kosovo relations
• Albania–Italy relations
• Angola–Portugal relations
• Australia–New Zealand relations
• Australia–United States relations
• Austria–Switzerland relations
• Austria–Hungary relations
• Azerbaijan–Turkey relations[2][3]
• Bhutan–India relations[4][5]
• Brazil–Portugal relations[6]
• Canada–Netherlands relations[7]
• Canada–United States relations[8][9][10][11]
• Cape Verde–Portugal relations
• China–Germany relations[12]
• China–Pakistan relations[13][14]
• China–Russia relations[15][16]
• Cyprus–Greece relations
• Cyprus–Israel relations
• Czech Republic–Slovakia relations
• Denmark–Finland relations
• Denmark–Iceland relations
• Denmark–Norway relations
• Denmark–Sweden relations
• Denmark–United Kingdom relations
• Denmark-Russia relations
• Egypt–Sudan relations[17]
• Egypt–United Arab Emirates relations[18][19][20][21]
• Eswatini–South Africa relations
• Estonia-Finland relations
• Finland–Iceland relations
• Finland–Norway relations
• Finland–Sweden relations
• France–Germany relations[22]
• France–Greece relations[23]
• France–India relations[24]
• France–Monaco relations[25]
• Germany–Italy relations[26]
• Greece–Italy relations[27][28][29][30]
• Iceland–Norway relations
• Iceland–Sweden relations
• Holy See–Italy relations[31][32]
• Hungary-Poland relations
• Italy–Malta relations
• Italy–Libya relations
• Italy–San Marino relations
• India–Israel relations[33]
• India-Mauritius relations

• Israel–United States relations[34]
• Japan–United States relations[35][36][37][38]
• Laos–Thailand relations
• Laos–Vietnam relations[39][40][41][42]
• Morocco–Spain relations
• Mozambique–Portugal relations
• Moldova-Romania relations
• Netherlands–United Kingdom relations
• Norway–United Kingdom relations
• Norway–Sweden relations
• Pakistan–Saudi Arabia relations[43][44][45]
• Portugal–São Tomé and Príncipe relations
• Portugal–Spain relations
• Russia-Kazakhstan relations
• Russia-Serbia relations
• Russia-Belarus relations
• Saudi Arabia–United States relations
• Spain-Argentina relations
• Spain-Mexico relations
• Spain-Chile relations
• Spain-Colombia relations
• Spain-Cuba relations
• Spain-Italy relations
• Sweden–United Kingdom relations
• Taiwan–United States relations[46]
• Relations between the United Kingdom and former colonies:[47][48]
  • Australia–United Kingdom relations
  • Bangladesh–United Kingdom relations
  • Canada–United Kingdom relations
  • Egypt–United Kingdom relations[49]
  • India–United Kingdom relations[50][51]
  • Ireland–United Kingdom relations
  • Malaysia-United Kingdom relations
  • Malta–United Kingdom relations
  • New Zealand–United Kingdom relations
  • Pakistan-United Kingdom relations
  • Singapore-United Kingdom relations
  • South Africa–United Kingdom relations[52]
  • United Arab Emirates–United Kingdom relations[53][54][55]
• Venezuela-Cuba relations

For other uses, see Special Relationship (disambiguation).

See also

• A History of the English-Speaking Peoples
• Atlanticism
• North Atlantic triangle

References

1. "European Union - EEAS (European External Action Service) - The EU and the US: a special relationship".
2. Kardas, Saban. "Turkey Develops Special Relationship with Azerbaijan". Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
3. Katik, Mevlut. "Azerbaijan and Turkey Coordinate Nagorno-Karabakh Negotiation Position". EurasiaNet. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
4. Handle with care, Bhutan is a friend
5. Narendra Modi leaves for Bhutan on his first foreign visit as PM
6. "Foreign policy - Americas". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Lisbon. Archived from the original on 26 December 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
8. Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent said: "the special nature of our relationship to the United Kingdom and the United States complicates our responsibilities..." quoted in: H.H. Herstien, L.J. Hughes, R.C. Kirbyson. Challenge & Survival: The History of Canada (Scarborough, ON: Prentice-Hall, 1970). p 411
9. Canada in North America: Farewell to the 'Special Relationship',
10. "FindArticles.com - CBSi".
11. Allan Gotlieb: Bring back the special relationship
12. Shannon Tiezzi, The Diplomat. "China and Germany's 'Special Relationship' - The Diplomat". The Diplomat.
13. "China-Pakistan relations". International Policy Digest. 3 November 2013. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
14. "China-Pakistan friendship 'sweeter than honey', says Nawaz Sharif". The Telegraph. 5 July 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
15. Smolchenko, Anna. "Putin Welcomes China's Xi for landmark talks." AFP. 22 March 2013.
16. "China-Russia: a special relationship". Euronews. 22 March 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
17. Charles A. Seldon, 'Britain Uncertain on Trade-War Gain', New York Times (9 May 1934), pg. 3.
18. "Emirates Forges Special Relationship With El-Sissi's Egypt". Associated Press. 6 March 2015 – via The New York Times.
19. http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/01/19/Sisi-UAE-Egypt-relations-will-always-be-special.html
20. Rania El Gamal and William Maclean (17 February 2013). "Analysis: Rise of Islamists frays strategic UAE-Egyptian relations". Reuters.
21. "Al Sisi's visit bolsters UAE-Egypt ties". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
22. "What′s so special about the Franco-German relationship? - Europe - DW.COM - 07.05.2012". DW.COM.
23. "france 24 - Greece hails 'special relationship' with France on Hollande visit - France 24". France 24.
24. "Exploring the India-France 'special relationship'".
25. "European Union - EEAS (European External Action Service) - EU Relations with Principality of Monaco".
26. http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/pdf/case-studies/italian-german-relationship.pdf
27. "Pavlopoulos and Mattarella confirm the longstanding Greek-Italian friendship (Παυλόπουλος και Ματαρέλα επιβεβαίωσαν τη μακρόχρονη ελληνοϊταλική φιλία)". documentonews.gr. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
28. "Pavlopoulos - Mattarella: Strong friendship and a common vision between Greece and Italy (Παυλόπουλος - Ματαρέλα: Δυνατή φιλία και κοινή οπτική μεταξύ Ελλάδας και Ιταλίας)". news247.gr. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
29. "Greece-Italy alliance (Ελλάδα-Ιταλία συμμαχία)". makthes.gr. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
30. "A medal of honor for the Greek-Italian relations (Ενα παράσημο για τις ελληνοϊταλικές σχέσεις)". enet.gr. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
31. I corvi del Vaticano.
32. Patti lateranensi, 11 febbraio 1929 - Segreteria di Stato, card. Pietro Gasparri Archived 13 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine
33. "Indian Foreign Policy".
34. "Salon". Salon. Archived from the original on 10 June 2013.
35. "U.S.-Japanese Friendship: 70 Remarkable Years | Commentary". Roll Call. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
36. "The United States & Japan: The Perfect Model of Forgiveness in International Relations". Cennamology.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
37. Hongo, Jun. "U.S.-Japan Relations a Model of Reconciliation, Obama Says". WSJ Blogs - Japan Real Time. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
38. "5 facts to help understand the U.S.-Japan relationship". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
39. Zagioff, Joseph J (March 1987). "Vietnam and Laos: The Special Relationship". Department of State Washington DC Office of External Research. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
40. "China and Vietnam square off in Laos". Asia Times Online. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
41. "A New Role for an Old Tale: Vietnam as a Donor to Laos, Páginas 59-62". Retrieved 26 March 2014.
42. "Dialogue on Laos and Vietnam". Retrieved 26 March 2014.
43. Cafiero, Giorgio; Wagner, Daniel (23 November 2015). "Saudi Arabia and Pakistan's Evolving Alliance". Huffington Post. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
44. Guzansky, Yoel (16 February 2016). "Pakistan and Saudi Arabia: How Special are the "Special Relations"?". The Institute for National Security Studies. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
45. Teller, Neville (2016). The Chaos in the Middle East: 2014-2016. Troubador Publishing Ltd. p. 246. ISBN 9781785892820.
46. "Chairman Royce Meets with President Tsai in Taiwan". Committee on Foreign Affairs. United States House of Representatives. 1 September 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
47. 'Status of the Dominions', The Times (22 November 1926), pg. 9, col. C.
48. 'The Empire Reviewed', The Times (22 November 1926), pg. 14, col. A.
49. 'British Policy in Egypt', The Times (13 December 1929), pg. 15, col. E.
50. "Does India want a 'special relationship' with UK?". BBC News.
51. Dean Nelson in New Delhi (7 July 2010). "Ministers to build a new 'special relationship' with India". Telegraph.co.uk.
52. 'The Transvaal Blue-Book', The Times (16 September 1899), pg. 3, col. C.
53. Sultan Al Qassemi. "The other special relationship: the UAE and the UK".
54. Colin Simpson. "Sheikh Khalifa's trip will strengthen UK-UAE ties".
55. "الرئيسية - صاحب السمو الشيخ محمد بن راشد آل مكتوم". Archived from the original on 31 December 2013.