Sophistical Refutations
Sophistical Refutations (Greek: Σοφιστικοὶ Ἔλεγχοι; Latin: De Sophisticis Elenchis) is a text in Aristotle's Organon in which he identified thirteen fallacies.[note 1] According to Aristotle, this is the first work to treat the subject of deductive reasoning (Soph. Ref., 34, 183b34 ff.).
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[*]: Generally agreed to be spurious [†]: Authenticity disputed |
Overview
The fallacies Aristotle identifies are the following:
- Fallacies in the language (in dictione)
- Equivocation
- Amphibology
- Composition
- Division
- Accent
- Figure of speech or form of expression
- Fallacies not in the language (extra dictionem)
- Accident
- Secundum quid
- Irrelevant conclusion
- Begging the question
- False cause
- Affirming the consequent
- Fallacy of many questions
Footnotes
- Sometimes listed as twelve.
gollark: I mean a star image.
gollark: Good, since I didn't explain it.
gollark: You can Fourier-transform images. I have a bunch of things using that.
gollark: Idea: invert the Fourier transform of a star to generate an unstar.
gollark: Yes, that is part of why.
References
- Parry, William T.; Hacker, Edward A. (1991), Aristotelian Logic, SUNY Press, p. 435, ISBN 978-0-7914-0690-8
External links
- HTML Greek text via Greco interattivo
- Translated by W. A. Pickard-Cambridge
- ChangingMinds.org: "Aristotle's 13 fallacies"
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