Solander Islands

The Solander Islands (officially, Solander Islands/Hautere) are three close, uninhabited volcanic islets toward the western end of the Foveaux Strait just beyond New Zealand's South Island. The Māori name Hautere translates into English as "flying wind". The islands lie 38 km (24 mi) south of Prices Point, near where Lake Hakapoua drains through Big River to the ocean due west of Te Waewae Bay, and 64 km (40 mi) northwest of the Putatara (Rugged) Point in the northwest of Stewart Island, or 56 km (35 mi) from Codfish Island west of that place. The islands measure 1.2 km2 (0.46 sq mi).[1] Administratively, they are the only definitively non-inshore islands in a local government district — Southland District.

"Solander Island" redirects here. For the island off the west coast of Canada, see Solander Island Ecological Reserve.
Solander Islands
Maori: Hautere
Overview map
Geography
LocationSouthland District
Coordinates
Area120 ha (300 acres)
Highest elevation330 m (1,080 ft)
Administration

The islands
  • Solander Island, the main island, covers around 1 km2 (0.39 sq mi), rising steeply to a peak 330 metres (1,083 ft) above sea level. It is wooded save for its northeast end, mainly a bare, white rock. A deep cave is on the east side, Sealers Cave.
  • Little Solander Island is 1.9 km (1.2 mi) west. Steep, it reaches 148 m (486 ft) high yet covers 4 ha (9.9 acres). It has a barren appearance and is guano-covered.
  • Pierced Rock is 250 m (273 yd) south of the main island. It rises to 54 m (177 ft) and covers 2,000 m2 (22,000 sq ft) (0.2 ha).

History
View of the Solander Islands, drawn by Herman Spöring on HMB Endeavour, 1770

The island chain was sighted by Captain James Cook on 11 March 1770 and named by him after the Swedish naturalist Daniel Solander, one of the scientific crew aboard Cook's ship, Endeavour.[2]

The islands are geographically forbidding and weather conditions often confound the approach of ships. It is perhaps for this reason that the islands have only ever been briefly inhabited, and then only due to shipwreck or other marooning. Five men - four Europeans and one Australian aboriginal - were marooned there between 1808 and 1813, the longest continual period of habitation. They are thought to have been left ashore in two groups for seal hunting (sealing), but the sea prevented the approach of any ship to recover them. In 1810, sealing moved to Macquarie Island, farther to the west, and they were effectively abandoned. When rediscovered in 1813, it is likely that they had amassed many dried seal pelts.[3][4]

Geology

The islands are remnants of an isolated extinct Pleistocene volcano with andesite rocks, one to two million years old. They lie on a bank with depths less than 100 m (328 ft), separated from the continental shelf along Foveaux Strait by a 4 km (2.5 mi) but narrow trough 200 m (656 ft) deep (at least 237 m or 778 ft). Therefore, the islands are included in the New Zealand Outlying Islands.

The islands are the only volcanic land in the nation related to the subduction of the Australian Plate beneath the Pacific Plate.[5]

Flora and fauna

There are 53 vascular plant species, one third of which are very rare. The flora is dominated by ferns and orchids. The southern, and nominate, subspecies of Buller's albatross (Thalassarche b. bulleri) breeds only on the Solanders and the Snares.

The Solander Islands were historically a well-known area for migrating whales, especially southern right and sperm whales. Sperm whales in this area were said to be exceptionally large.[6]

Bird life

The islands are home to a variety of bird life.[7]

The Solander group has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because of its significance as a breeding site for Buller's albatrosses (with about 5000 pairs) and common diving petrels.[8]

gollark: In that case, they clearly need to use arbitrary-precision floats everywhere, because they've shown that they do not care about performance.
gollark: I thought it was +-30 million.
gollark: It should just use doubles everywhere.
gollark: Floating Point Uncertainty Principle.
gollark: Minecraft runs on quantum physics, clearly.

See also

References
  1. "Data Table - Protected Areas - LINZ Data Service (recorded area 120 ha)". Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  2. Lee, Garry J. "Science on the Map: Places in New Zealand Named After Scientists". The Rutherford Journal. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  3. McNab, Robert (1905). Murihiku: A History of the South Island of New Zealand and the Islands Adjacent and Lying to the South, from 1642 to 1835. Cambridge University Press (republished 2011). p. 208-211. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  4. McNab, Robert (2016). "MURIHIKU: A HISTORY OF THE SOUTH ISLAND OF NEW ZEALAND AND THE ISLANDS ADJACENT AND LYING TO THE SOUTH, FROM 1642 TO 1835 THE MYSTERY OF THE SOLANDERS, 1808–1813". 1905 Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  5. Keith Lewis, Scott D. Nodder and Lionel Carter. 'Sea floor geology – Solander Island', Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Updated 21 September 2007. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
  6. http://docs.niwa.co.nz/library/public/NIWAis76.pdf
  7. O'Donnell, Colin F.J. "Birds and mammals of Solander (Hautere) Island." Notornis 27: 21-44" (PDF). Notornis vol. 27). pp. 21--44.
  8. BirdLife International. (2012). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Solander Islands. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 27 January 2012.
  • Wise's New Zealand guide: A gazetteer of New Zealand (4th ed.) (1969) Dunedin: H. Wise & Co. (N.Z.) Ltd.
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