Snoldelev Stone

The Snoldelev Stone, listed as DR 248 in the Rundata catalog, is a 9th-century runestone that was originally located at Snoldelev, Ramsø, Denmark.

Snoldelev Stone
Created	Viking Age
Discovered	Snoldelev, Ramsø, Denmark
Present location	National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen
Rundata ID	DR 248
Runemaster	unknown
Text – Native
Gunwalds sten, sonaʀ Roalds, þulaʀ a Salhøgum.
Translation
Gunnvaldr's stone, Hróaldr's son, reciter of Salhaugar

Description

The Snoldelev Stone, which is 1.25 meters in height, is decorated with a design of three drinking horns interlocking as incomplete Borromean rings (similar to the Diane de Poitiers three crescents emblem). The stone was first noted in 1810, and was turned over to the national Antiquities Commission in 1811.[1] The runestone is now housed at the National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen, Denmark.

The inscription on the Snoldelev Stone shows an early version of the Younger Futhark. Like the late Elder Futhark Björketorp Runestone, it uses an a-rune which has the same form as the h-rune has in the long-branch version of the younger futhark. This a-rune is transliterated with capital A below. The Snoldelev runestone also retains the elder futhark haglaz rune () for the h-phoneme[1] and this is represented by capital H in the transliteration below. The last character in the runic text is damaged, but is clearly a , and represents the first use of this rune for an 'm' in Denmark.[2] The text is arranged in two lines of different size. It has been suggested that this may have been done in imitation of Merovingian or Carolingian manuscripts, which have the first line in long slender characters with the following lines in shorter, stubbier text.[2]

The inscription states that Gunnvaldr is a Þulʀ, which signifies some office or rank, perhaps a priest or a skald, compare Old Norse þula meaning "litany." It is related to the later Norse Þulr, a position described as being a wise man or sage associated with Scandinavian chieftains and royalty. The translation offered by the Rundata project suggests reciter. The location Salhaugar in the text has been identified as referring to the modern town Salløv, which was in the vicinity of the original site of the runestone.[3] The literal translation of the Old Norse Salhøgum combines sal "hall" with hörgar "mounds," to form "on the hall mounds," suggesting a place with a room where official meetings took place.[4]

Inscription

Runes

ᚴᚢᚾ᛫ᚢᚼᛚᛏᛋ ᛐᚼᛁᚾ ᛋᚢᚾᛅᛦ

ᚱᚢᚺᛅᛚᛏᛋ ᛫ ᚦᚢᛚᛅᛦ ᛫ ᚨ ᛋᛅᛚᚺᛅᚢᚴᚢ

Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

kun'uAlts| |stAin ' sunaʀ ' ruHalts ' þulaʀ ' o salHauku(m)[5]

Transcription into Old Norse

Gunwalds sten, sonaʀ Roalds, þulaʀ a Salhøgum.[5]

Translation in English

Gunnvaldr's stone, Hróaldr's son, reciter of Salhaugar.[5]

Gallery

• 
  Detail of swastika found on the stone
• 
  Detail of the interlaced horns
• 
  Snoldelev interlaced horns design (illustration)

See also

• Swastika (Germanic Iron Age)

References

1. Nielsen, Karl Martin (1974). "Raskstydning af Snoldelev-Indskriften" (PDF). Danske Studier (in Danish). Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag: 132–135. ISSN 0106-4525. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
2. Birkmann, Thomas (1995). "Die Enstehung des Jüngeren Fuþark". Von Agedal Bis Malt. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 204–205. ISBN 3-11-014510-3.
3. Peterson, Lena (2002). Nordisk runnamslexikon Archived 2011-02-25 at the Wayback Machine. Swedish Institute for Linguistics and Heritage (Institutet för språk och folkminnen).
4. Sundqvist, Olof (2009). "The Hanging, the Nine Nights, and the "Precious Knowledge"". In Heizmann, Wilhelm; Beck, Heinrich (eds.). Analecta Septentrionalia. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 660–661. ISBN 978-3-11-021869-5.
5. Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk - Rundata entry for DR 248.

External links

• Inscriptions from the second period (Viking period), 750-1025, presentation by Moltke