Smithers's horseshoe bat

Smithers's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus smithersi) is a species of horseshoe bat found in South Africa and Zimbabwe. It was described as a new species in 2012.

Smithers's horseshoe bat

Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Rhinolophidae
Genus: Rhinolophus
Species:
R. smithersi
Binomial name
Rhinolophus smithersi
Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss & Cotterill, 2012

Taxonomy and etymology

Smithers's horseshoe bat was described as a new species in 2012. It was described as a result of a taxonomic split in the Hildebrandt's horseshoe bat (R. hildebrandtii). The holotype—an adult female—was collected in October 2000 in the Gokwe region of Zimbabwe. Its species name "smithersi" was chosen to honor Reay Henry Noble Smithers, former Director of the National Museums of Zimbabwe.[2]

Description

This species can be differentiated from sympatric members of its genus by its high echolocation frequencies, small cranium, and wide nose-leaf. Its mean echolocation frequency is 40–46 kHz. The forearm length of the holotype is 60.7 mm (2.39 in). Its nose-leaf is 10–14 mm (0.39–0.55 in) wide. The sella has long hairs and narrows at its tip. The lancet is relatively long and straight. The fur of its back is grayish-brown, with individual hairs long. Its ventral surface is paler than its back.[2]

Range and habitat

This species is known from one individual in Zimbabwe and 19 sites in South Africa. During the day, it roosts in natural or man-made underground cavities.[1]

Conservation

It is currently evaluated as near threatened by the IUCN. It meets the criteria for this designation because it has small colony sizes, its occurrence is scattered throughout the landscape, it is limited by roosting site availability, and its population size is thought to be small (perhaps fewer than 1,000 individuals). The population in South Africa occurs in two biosphere reserves, Vhembe Biosphere Reserve and Waterberg Biosphere Reserve.[1]

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References
  1. Taylor, P. (2017). "Rhinolophus smithersi". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T64588371A64589277. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T64588371A64589277.en.
  2. Taylor, P. J.; Stoffberg, S.; Monadjem, A.; Schoeman, M. C.; Bayliss, J.; Cotterill, F. P. (2012). "Four new bat species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii complex) reflect Plio-Pleistocene divergence of dwarfs and giants across an Afromontane archipelago". PLoS One. 7 (9): e41744. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041744. PMC 3440430. PMID 22984399.
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