Slurry

A slurry is a mixture of solids denser than water suspended in liquid, usually water. The most common use of slurry is as a means of transporting solids, the liquid being a carrier that is pumped on a device such as a centrifugal pump. The size of solid particles may vary from 1 micron up to hundreds of millimeters.

For the settlement in the North West province of South Africa, see Slurry, North West.

A slurry composed of glass beads in silicone oil flowing down an inclined plane

Potato starch slurry

The particles may settle below a certain transport velocity and the mixture can behave as a Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluid. Depending on the mixture, the slurry may be abrasive and/or corrosive.

Examples

Examples of slurries include:

• Cement slurry, a mixture of cement, water, and assorted dry and liquid additives used in the petroleum and other industries[1][2]
• Soil/cement slurry, also called Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM), flowable fill, controlled density fill, flowable mortar, plastic soil-cement, K-Krete, and other names[3]
• A mixture of thickening agent, oxidizers, and water used to form a gel explosive[4]
• A mixture of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water produced in a volcanic eruption and known as a lahar
• A mixture of bentonite and water used to make slurry walls
• Coal slurry, a mixture of coal waste and water, or crushed coal and water[5]
• Slurry oil, the highest boiling fraction distilled from the effluent of an FCC unit in an oil refinery. It contains large amount of catalyst, in form of sediments hence the denomination of slurry.
• A mixture of wood pulp and water used to make paper
• Manure slurry, a mixture of animal waste, organic matter, and sometimes water often known simply as "slurry" in agricultural use, used as fertilizer after ageing in a slurry pit
• Meat slurry, a mixture of finely ground meat and water, centrifugally dewatered and used as food
• An abrasive substance used in chemical-mechanical polishing
• Slurry ice, a mixture of ice crystals, freezing point depressant, and water
• A mixture of raw materials and water involved in the rawmill manufacture of Portland cement
• A mixture of minerals, water, and additives used in the manufacture of ceramics
• A bolus of chewed food mixed with saliva[6]
• A mixture of epoxy glue and glass microspheres used as a filler compound around core materials in sandwich-structured composite airframes.

Calculations

Determining solids fraction

To determine the percent solids (or solids fraction) of a slurry from the density of the slurry, solids and liquid[7]

${\displaystyle \phi _{sl}={\frac {\rho _{s}(\rho _{sl}-\rho _{l})}{\rho _{sl}(\rho _{s}-\rho _{l})}}}$

where

${\displaystyle \phi _{sl}}$ is the solids fraction of the slurry (state by mass)

${\displaystyle \rho _{s}}$ is the solids density

${\displaystyle \rho _{sl}}$ is the slurry density

${\displaystyle \rho _{l}}$ is the liquid density

In aqueous slurries, as is common in mineral processing, the specific gravity of the species is typically used, and since ${\displaystyle SG_{water}}$ is taken to be 1, this relation is typically written:

${\displaystyle \phi _{sl}={\frac {\rho _{s}(\rho _{sl}-1)}{\rho _{sl}(\rho _{s}-1)}}}$

even though specific gravity with units tonnes/m^3 (t/m^3) is used instead of the SI density unit, kg/m^3.

Liquid mass from mass fraction of solids

To determine the mass of liquid in a sample given the mass of solids and the mass fraction: By definition

${\displaystyle \phi _{sl}={\frac {M_{s}}{M_{sl}}}}$

therefore

${\displaystyle M_{sl}={\frac {M_{s}}{\phi _{sl}}}}$

and

${\displaystyle M_{s}+M_{l}={\frac {M_{s}}{\phi _{sl}}}}$

then

${\displaystyle M_{l}={\frac {M_{s}}{\phi _{sl}}}-M_{s}}$

and therefore

${\displaystyle M_{l}={\frac {1-\phi _{sl}}{\phi _{sl}}}M_{s}}$

where

${\displaystyle \phi _{sl}}$ is the solids fraction of the slurry

${\displaystyle M_{s}}$ is the mass or mass flow of solids in the sample or stream

${\displaystyle M_{sl}}$ is the mass or mass flow of slurry in the sample or stream

${\displaystyle M_{l}}$ is the mass or mass flow of liquid in the sample or stream

Volumetric fraction from mass fraction

${\displaystyle \phi _{sl,m}={\frac {M_{s}}{M_{sl}}}}$

Equivalently

${\displaystyle \phi _{sl,v}={\frac {V_{s}}{V_{sl}}}}$

and in a minerals processing context where the specific gravity of the liquid (water) is taken to be one:

${\displaystyle \phi _{sl,v}={\frac {\frac {M_{s}}{SG_{s}}}{{\frac {M_{s}}{SG_{s}}}+{\frac {M_{l}}{1}}}}}$

So

${\displaystyle \phi _{sl,v}={\frac {M_{s}}{M_{s}+M_{l}SG_{s}}}}$

and

${\displaystyle \phi _{sl,v}={\frac {1}{1+{\frac {M_{l}SG_{s}}{M_{s}}}}}}$

Then combining with the first equation:

${\displaystyle \phi _{sl,v}={\frac {1}{1+{\frac {M_{l}SG_{s}}{\phi _{sl,m}M_{s}}}{\frac {M_{s}}{M_{s}+M_{l}}}}}}$

So

${\displaystyle \phi _{sl,v}={\frac {1}{1+{\frac {SG_{s}}{\phi _{sl,m}}}{\frac {M_{l}}{M_{s}+M_{l}}}}}}$

Then since

${\displaystyle \phi _{sl,m}={\frac {M_{s}}{M_{s}+M_{l}}}=1-{\frac {M_{l}}{M_{s}+M_{l}}}}$

we conclude that

${\displaystyle \phi _{sl,v}={\frac {1}{1+SG_{s}({\frac {1}{\phi _{sl,m}}}-1)}}}$

where

${\displaystyle \phi _{sl,v}}$ is the solids fraction of the slurry on a volumetric basis

${\displaystyle \phi _{sl,m}}$ is the solids fraction of the slurry on a mass basis

${\displaystyle M_{s}}$ is the mass or mass flow of solids in the sample or stream

${\displaystyle M_{sl}}$ is the mass or mass flow of slurry in the sample or stream

${\displaystyle M_{l}}$ is the mass or mass flow of liquid in the sample or stream

${\displaystyle SG_{s}}$ is the bulk specific gravity of the solids

See also

• Grout
• Slurry pipeline
• Slurry transport
• Slurry wall

References

1. Shlumberger: Oilfield glossary
2. Rheonova : Measuring rheological propertis of settling slurries
3. Portland Cement Association: Controlled Low-Strength Material
4. http://www.iring.ca/_Knowledgebase/module_2_3.html?ms=AAA%3D&st=MA%3D%3D&sct=MjI%3D&mw=MjQw#
5. Red Valve Company: Coal Slurry Pipeline
6. Rheonova : Measuring food bolus properties Archived 2013-11-30 at Archive.today
7. Wills, B.A. and Napier-Munn, T.J, Wills' Mineral Processing Technology: an introduction to the practical aspects of ore treatment and mineral recovery, ISBN 978-0-7506-4450-1, Seventh Edition (2006), Elsevier, Great Britain

External links

• Bonapace, A.C. A General Theory of the Hydraulic Transport of Solids in Full Suspension
• Ravelet, F.; Bakir, F.; Khelladi, S.; Rey, R. (2013). "Experimental study of hydraulic transport of large particles in horizontal pipes" (PDF). Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. 45: 187–197. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2012.11.003.
• Ming, G., Ruixiang, L., Fusheng, N., Liqun, X. (2007). Hydraulic Transport of Coarse Gravel—A Laboratory Investigation Into Flow Resistance.