Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance

The Treaty of Friendship and Alliance (Traditional Chinese: 中蘇友好同盟條約) was a treaty signed by the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China and the Soviet Union on 14 August 1945. At the time, Soviet and Mongolian troops were occupying Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, having seized it from the Japanese during World War II. In a declaration made in connection with the treaty, China accepted the independence of Outer Mongolia within its previous borders (disavowing any Pan-Mongolist intentions of the occupiers), provided that a referendum on the issue be held and that the Soviet Union ceased aiding the Chinese Communist Party and Ili National Army (who were rebelling in Xinjiang).[1] Furthermore, the two nations agreed upon joint control of the Chinese Eastern Railway and to facilitate its eventual return to full Chinese sovereignty.[2]

Not to be confused with Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance.
Treaty of Friendship and Alliance
Signed14 August 1945 (1945-08-14)
Expiry24 February 1953 (1953-02-24)
Signatories
Treaty of Friendship and Alliance in page 300 of Volume 10 of the United Nations Treaty Series (10 UNTS 300)

However, China noticed that the Soviet Union secretly and continuously supported Chinese Communist Party and People's Liberation Army which were opposed to the ruling Kuomintang and the government of Republic of China. The relation collapsed when Chinese Communist Party proclaimed the People's Republic of China in Beijing on 1 October 1949 and the Soviet Union recognized it. The UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 505 on 1 February 1952, which confirmed that the Soviet Union had violated the terms of the treaty by assisting the Chinese Communist Party during the Chinese Civil War. On 24 February 1953, the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China voted to officially terminate its commitments to the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance as well, thereby rescinding its recognition of the independence of the Mongolian People's Republic.

See also

References
  1. Atwood, Christopher (2005). "Poems of Fraternity: Literary Responses to the Attempted Reunification of Inner Mongolia and the Mongolian People's Republic". In Kara, György (ed.). The Black Master: Essays on Central Eurasia in Honor of György Kara on His 70th Birthday. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 2.
  2. Zhang Shengfa, "Return of the Chinese Changchun Railway to China by the USSR." In Manchurian Railways and the Opening of China, 171-94. 1st ed. Vol. 1. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group, 2010. p, 171.
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