Shtora-1

Shtora-1 (Russian: Штора, "curtain") is an electro-optical active protection system or suite for tanks, designed to disrupt the laser designator and laser rangefinders of incoming anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs). The system is mounted on the Russian T-80 and T-90 series tanks and the Ukrainian T-84. The existence of Shtora was revealed in 1980 by Adolf Tolkachev.[2]

Shtora-1
A pair of T-90s fitted with the Shtora system; note the two "boxes" to each side of the main gun
TypeActive protection system
Place of originRussia
Service history
In service1988–present
Production history
DesignerNII Transmash in St.Petersburg in cooperation with Elers-Elektron in Moscow[1]
Designed1980[2]
Specifications
Mass350 kg (770 lb)[1]

Description

Shtora-1[3] is an electro-optical jammer that disrupts semiautomatic command to line of sight (SACLOS) antitank guided missiles, laser rangefinders and target designators. Shtora-1 is a soft-kill, or passive-countermeasure system. The system was shown fitted to a Russian main battle tank during the International Defense Exposition, held in Abu Dhabi in 1995. The first known application of the system is the Russian T-90 main battle tank, which entered service in the Russian Army in 1993.[lower-alpha 1] It is also available on the BMP-3M infantry fighting vehicle.

Components
Infrared light - window is covered

The Shtora-1 has four key components:

Two electro-optical/infrared (IR) "dazzlers" interface station one each mounted to the left and right of the main gun, which includes an infrared jammer, modulator, and control panel.

  1. A bank of forward firing grenade launchers or dischargers mounted on either side of the turret, which can fire grenades dispensing an aerosol smoke screen opaque to infrared light.
  2. A laser warning system with precision and coarse heads.
  3. A control system comprising control panel, microprocessor, and manual screen-laying panel. This processes the information from the sensors and activates the aerosol screen-laying system.
  4. Two infrared lights, one on each side of the main gun, continuously emit coded pulsed-infrared jamming when an incoming ATGM has been detected.

Shtora-1 has a field of view of 360 degrees horizontally and –5 to +25 degrees in elevation. It contains twelve aerosol screen launchers and weighs 400 kg. The screening aerosol takes less than three seconds to form and lasts about twenty seconds. The screen-laying range is from 50 to 70 meters.

According to Defense Update, the Shtora system can also locate the area within 3.5–5 degrees where the laser originated from and automatically slew the main gun to it, so that the tank crew can return fire and so that the stronger frontal turret armour is facing it.[3]

Operating modes

Shtora-1 can operate in fully automatic or semi-automatic modes, continuously for six hours against anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) attack.

Specifications

According to Steven Zaloga and Tankomaster:[1]

  • Laser illumination sensors :
    • 2x TShU-1-11 precision sensors and 2x TShU-1 rough sensors
    • Field of view (each): −5° .. +25° elevation and 90° azimuth
    • Field of view (total): 360° azimuth
  • EO interference emitters :
    • 2x OTShU-1-7
    • Operating band: 0.7 .. 2.7 μm
    • Protected sector: 4° elevation and 20° azimuth
    • Energy consumption: 1 kW
    • Light intensity: 20 mcd
  • Anti-FLIR smoke grenades:
    • 12x 81 mm 3D17
    • Obscured band: 0.4 .. 14 μm
    • Bloom time: 3 s
    • Cloud persistence: 20 s

Notes
  1. Though an early version of the system was apparently fitted to the pre-production T-80 model.
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References
  1. "Shtora-1 EOCMDAS". Fofanov.armor.kiev.ua. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
  2. The Billion Dollar Spy: A True Story of Cold War Espionage and Betrayal, David E. Hoffman, location 3142, Kindle edition.
  3. "Shtora-1 Active Protection System". Defense-update.com. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
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