Shinmoedake

Shinmoedake is a volcano in Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyūshū, Japan, and a part of the Mount Kirishima cluster of volcanoes.[1] It is believed to have formed between 7,300 and 25,000 years ago.[2]

Eruptions from Shinmoedake have been recorded in 1716, 1717, 1771, 1822, 1959, 1991, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2017, 2018 and 2020.[3]

Caldera viewed from Mount Karakuni

2011 eruptions

The 2011 eruptions began on 19 January. On 26 January, at 7:30 AM, increased eruption activity spewed ash over the surrounding area. The ash closed four railroad lines, and some airline service was cancelled due to heavy ash in the air. It was the largest eruption from Shinmoedake since 1959.[4] On 27 January, the volcano alert level was raised to 3.[1]

On 1 February, an even larger eruption sent a column of smoke up to 2.5 km (1.6 mi) into the air and threw volcanic bombs up to 1.5 km (4,900 ft) away from the vent.

During February 2011, a lava dome formed in Shinmoedake's crater.[5] On February 17, an evacuation advisory was put in place for the Miyakonojo area for 2,500 people after heavy rains threatened to produce lahars, and at least 63 people evacuated.[6]

On 13 March, two days after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, the volcano once again erupted.[7][8] The eruption forced the evacuation of several hundred residents.[9]

2018 eruptions

On 6 March 2018, a large eruption began launching rocks and ash to a height of 4.5 km (2.8 mi). [10] On 22 June 2018, another eruption occurred, 4 days after a 6.1 Mw earthquake struck Osaka on 18 June, sending smoke and rocks thousands of meters into the air.[11]

Cultural references

Shinmoedake was used as a location in 1967 James Bond film, You Only Live Twice, as the volcano in which the villains' secret rocket base is located.[12]

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References
  1. Earthquakes and volcanoes, U-Tokyo. "Eruption of Shinmoedake (a stratovolcano of the Kirishima volcano group), Japan, 2011". University of Tokyo. Outreach and Public Relations Office. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
  2. Experts warn recent Japanese volcanic eruptions similar to those 300 years ago Jan. 30, 2011. Yomiuri Shimbun
  3. "Kyushu's Shinmoedake volcano erupts for first time in six years".
  4. Fujita, Akiko (January 27, 2011). "Volcano Erupts in Southern Japan, Smoke Seen 5,000 Feet Above the Crater". ABC News. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
  5. Johnston, Eric, "Latest volcano show: Shinmoe", Japan Times, 1 March 2011, p. 3.
  6. Takano, Saika; Michael Watson (February 17, 2011). "Residents near Japanese volcano urged to evacuate". Reuters. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
  7. « Shinmoedake volcano erupts as Japan struggles in earthquake aftermath », peoplestar.co.uk, Retrieved on 2011-03-15.
  8. "Japanese volcano erupts". Times Live. March 13, 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-13.
  9. Kennedy, Helen (March 13, 2011). "Hundreds flee in Japan after Shinmoedake volcano begins spewing ash, boulders". New York Daily News. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
  10. News, BBC Asia (10 March 2018). "Mount Shinmoedake: Warning over Japan's James Bond volcano". Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  11. "Japan volcano featured in 'James Bond' movie erupts, ejecting smoke and rocks". Reuters. 22 June 2018.
  12. "Japan volcano Mount Shinmoedake, scene of Sean Connery 'You Only Live Twice' James Bond film, erupts". NY Daily News. January 27, 2011. Retrieved 2012-08-19.
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