Shashamane

Shashamane (Oromo: Shashamannee) is a town in Aanaa in West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The town lies on the Trans-African Highway 4 Cairo-Cape Town, about 150 miles (240 km) from the capital of Addis Ababa. It has a latitude of 7° 12' north and a longitude of 38° 36' east.

Shashamane

Shashamannee (in Oromo)

Shashe
city
Nickname(s): 
Shashe
Shashamane
Location within Ethiopia
Coordinates: 7°12′N 38°36′E
CountryEthiopia
RegionOromia
ZoneWest Arsi Zone
Population
 (2012)
 • Total122,046
Time zoneUTC+3 (EAT)
ClimateCwb

The 2007 national census reported a total population for this town of 100,454, of whom 50,654 were men and 49,800 were women. A plurality of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 43.44% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 31.15% of the population said they were Muslim, 23.53% of the population were Protestant, and 1.3% were Catholic.[1]

The 1994 national census reported the town had a total population of 52,080, 25,426 of whom were males and 26,654 were females.

The resort of Wondo Genet lies near Shashamane, as does the Senkele Wildlife Sanctuary.

Education

History

In April 1941 the Italian troops retreating from Harar, Somalia and Shoa, concentrated in Shashamane after suffering several attacks by the British Army, R.A.F. and Ethiopian Roomaa. The British troops arrived at the beginning of May and the line of the Italian defense was held by Infantry and Artillery battalions on Little Dadaba river. On May 10 started an intensive shelling between South African and Indian artilleries on one side (supported by Hurricane planes) and the Italian artillery, on the other. After two days of reciprocal bombardment, on May 13 the British attacked with Natal Mounted Rifles, King's African Rifles, anti-tank rifles, mortars, tanks and armoured cars. Since Lieut. Col. Noel Douglas McMillan became ill, the attack was led by Major Leonard Montague Harris. The Italian 12th Colonial Somali Battalion (commanded by Major Gioacchino Nadalini), reinforced by Black Shirts, and the 121.st Artillery Battalion (commanded by Lieut. Col. Nicolò Bonessa), reinforced by tankettes, an A.A. battery, machine gunners and infantrymen, were overwhelmed. Most of the Italian officers died on the battlefield, as well as both cited commanders.

The Promised Land
Twelve Tribes of Israel headquarters in Shashamane

In the 1950s Emperor Haile Selassie I donated approximately 500 acres (2.0 km2) of African soil to African Americans who were victims of racism and injustice after being exiled and forced into slavery in The United States of America. Haile Sellassie I formed the First E.W.F. in Harlem, NY and prepared a series of events to bond with African Americans for the Ethiopian culture before breaking the news about The Land Grants. While one of the female members of the Ethiopian World Federation was visiting Jamaica she was very excited and could not keep the news to herself. She shared the information about the Land Grant with the natives of Jamaica. The Land Grants were specifically intended for African American descendants of slaves in the U.S. in return for the favor that America played in coming to The Royal Families rescue in a time of need. Once everyone found out about the possibility of returning to the Homeland not only Jamaicans tried their hardest to get over there, divisions of the E.W.F. started popping up all over the World to take advantage of the Land Grants His Majesty left for African Americans.[2] The official letter confirming the "Land Grant" of 1948 was submitted to the members and executives of the Ethiopian World Federation in New York City, 1955.

The first West Indian family and Federation members were Mr. James Piper and his wife Helen who arrived that same year as the first Land Grant administrators, returning to make a permanent settlement in 1955 on behalf of the federation. Haile Sellassie I visited Jamaica one time in an effort to get the natives to focus on uplifting their communities before visiting Ethiopia. By the time he left the entire community was infatuated with the thought that His Imperial Majesty was Jesus Christ in the flesh. He never returned. He did however try his best to encourage them to take care of the land that they had already been given in their own country. His Majesty left specific instructions with the U.S. and Africa pertaining to the Land Grant. African Americans were extremely traumatized as they fought for Civil Rights in America. They had a very hard time trying to stabilize their families, their citizenship, their equal rights all while figuring out their nationality while America was repairing itself for desegregation. They were promised that the land would be there when they were tired of fighting for Civil Rights and equality in The United States. Shashemane is their Promised Land. Meanwhile, the Rastafarian community in Jamaica was growing and many were looking for a way out.[3]

The first actual Rastafarian that settled in Ethiopia, Gladstone Robinson, was also an official delegate of a division of the E.W.F. that went to Shashemane on behalf of the organization in June 1964, followed by Papa Noel Dyer, who hitchhiked and found his way to Ethiopia from England, eventually arriving in September 1965. Mr. Robinson, however, would later be appointed as the Land Grant administrator by a Division of The Federation executive council in 1967 thus replacing Mr. Piper and his wife in Ethiopia.[4]

It was within a couple of years that a moderate trickle of Rastafari immigrants began, with the population swelling past 2000 at one point. In fact, it was reported in 2004 that their numbers had dwindled from more than 2,000 to fewer than 300 according to a recent CNN Interview with Dr. Robinson and other Rastafari settlers.[5]

Jamaican settlers petitioned Emperor Haile Selassie I for Ethiopian citizenship and other benefits several times. His Imperial Majesty was a kind Ruler, He set aside a small area for a couple of settlers to rest their heads. Once the Jamaican Settlers began having children and inviting more people to The African Americans soil they began asking for more. They grew leary in their beliefs that The King was their Messiah after a while. A few weeks later, the Jamaican Daily Gleaner reported that E.W.F. members in Jamaica left for Ethiopia on September 5 to develop the settlement with no money or support from their original country. A lot of the settlers there that are not African American do not even have passports or identification yet they are still asking for citizenship. They cannot be given citizenship in a land that belongs to African Americans in The United States, especially when The Land Grants were not meant for them with respect to the wishes of Emperor Haile Selassie I King of Kings Lord of Lords conquering Lion of The Tribe of Judah.

After leaders of both Jamaican political parties, Hugh Shearer and Michael Manley, each paid visits to the community in September 1969, Selassie himself again visited and, according to EWF #37 leader Mortimer Planno, cautioned them against bringing Jamaican politics to Ethiopia. The following year, the Imperial Court ordered ten hectares apiece to be parceled out to twelve "pioneer" Rastafari settlers, as reported in The Gleaner on September 5, 1970.[6]

According to the EWF, Selassie again paid a visit on 1 October 1970, asking to speak to the then land grant administrator, James Piper, who was not a Rastafari. Piper declined to appear, claiming it was his Sabbath. This resulted in a change in administration at the settlement. It is reported that due to this and other incidents, Mr. Robinson replaced the Pipers as administrators the land prior to the Derg revolution.

However, because of the "anti-organization" sentiments of many Rastas of that day, the federation's official authority was compromised. Many created other organizations, entities and groups in attempts to further deal with their own ways and means of repatriation. For example, one of the Rasta settlers, Clifton Baugh, was a main representative for the Rasta community in palace discussions on the land grant with minister Ato Tesfi, and Baugh also continually delivered the first fruits of their produce to the palace in Addis right up until 1974 when stopped by the Derg Revolution.[7]

When Haile Selassie I was deposed in 1974 the new government of Mengistu Haile Mariam confiscated all but eleven hectares.

In January 2005 there were reports in the media that Bob Marley's remains were to be exhumed and reburied at Shashemane. His wife Rita Marley described Ethiopia as his spiritual home, provoking controversy in Jamaica, where his remains still lie. The following month, thousands of fans gathered in Shashamane for a month of celebrations for what would have been Marley's 60th birthday. Rita Marley did not perform in Shashemane, The Prime Minister did not acknowledge the fact that the decedents of slaves in America will need their land. They just decided not to entertain in Shashemane.

In January 2007 the settlers organized an exhibition and a bazaar in the city. It was also reported recently prior to the Ethiopian millennium that various pro-Ethiopian World Federation groups, consisting of indigenous Ethiopians and Rastafari, have given support to one of many five-year plans proposed for sustainable development of Shashemane, Ethiopia.[8]

“Shashamane”, a 2017 documentary film about Shashamane and its relationship to repatriation, was released in 2016.[9]

gollark: > Everything can, and should be tested objectivelySay someone tells you "[CONTENTIOUS THING REDACTED] weakens the fabric of society" or something. We can take this to mean something like "[CONTENTIOUS THING REDACTED] leads to societies being worse off in the long run". How can you actually test this?
gollark: Ideally, but that isn't actually possible in all cases.
gollark: Quantum mechanics still makes very useful predictions even if the exact physical workings aren't known.
gollark: You can guess at them from a lot of inputs and outputs.
gollark: Again, black box testing.

See also

Notes
  1. 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Oromia Region, Vol. 1, Tables 2.1, 2.5, 3.4 (accessed 13 January 2012)
  2. by Ayele Bekerie, Tadias Magazine Archived 2009-04-16 at the Wayback Machine
  3. https://books.google.com/books?id=UVmt2VNyT7UC&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=selassie+visit+1954+ethiopian+world+federation&source=web&ots=noBp52uW0r&sig=hi8tpPeCdXKh3TrD8JS9s0HVRhI&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result by Ras Nathaniel The Rastafarians by Leonard E. Barrett
  4. - "EWF Presents Its Charter & Early Rastafari Leaders"
  5. - INSIDE AFRICA, voiceover narrated by SEEMA MATHUR, CNN CORRESPONDENT
  6. Repatriation in the context of NEPAD Archived 2007-09-22 at the Wayback Machine, citing Carole Yawney, Exodus: Rastafari, Repatriation, and the African Renaissance (2001).
  7. Welcome to Sheshemane Archived 2007-12-06 at the Wayback Machine
  8. - Ethiopian World Federation Ethiopian Millennium website
  9. "Shashamane". Blink Blink Productions. Blink Blink Productions. Retrieved February 23, 2019.

1. The Case of Melaku E. Bayen & John Robinson - Tadias Magazine http://www.tadias.com/?p=160

Template:Woredas of the West Arsi Zone

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