Senna alata

Senna alata is an important medicinal tree, as well as an ornamental flowering plant in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It also known as emperor's candlesticks,[1] candle bush,[2] candelabra bush, Christmas candles,[3] empress candle plant, ringworm shrub,[3] or candletree. A remarkable species of Senna, it was sometimes separated in its own genus, Herpetica.

Senna alata
Candle Bush flowers

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Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Senna
Species:
S. alata
Binomial name
Senna alata
Synonyms
  • Cassia alata L.
  • Cassia alata L. var. perennis Pamp.
  • Cassia alata L. var. rumphiana DC.
  • Cassia bracteata L.f.
  • Cassia herpetica Jacq.
  • Cassia rumphiana (DC.) Bojer
  • Herpetica alata (L.) Raf.

Geographic range

Senna alata is native to most of the Neotropics (from Mexico and the West Indies to Paraguay),[4][5][6] and can be found in diverse habitats. In the tropics, it grows up to an altitude of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft). It is an invasive species in Austronesia distributed in ranges from India to America. These plants have a greater ornamental and medicinal value in the southeast Asia, North Australia and African ranges.

Description

The shrub stands 3–4 metres (9.8–13.1 ft) tall, with leaves 50–80 centimetres (20–31 in) long.

The leaves close in the dark.

The inflorescence looks like a yellow candle.

The fruit, shaped like a straight pod, is up to 25 cm long. Its seeds are distributed by water or animals.

The seed pods are nearly straight, dark brown or nearly black, about 15 centimetres (5.9 in) long, and 15 millimetres (0.59 in) wide. On both sides of the pods is a wing that runs the length of the pod. Pods contain 50 to 60 flattened, triangular seeds.

Cultivation

This species is easy to grow from the seed. They may either be sown directly or started in a nursery.

Medicinal uses

Senna alata (also known as Cassia alata) is often called the ringworm bush because of its very effective fungicidal properties, for treating ringworm and other fungal infections of the skin. The leaves are ground in a mortar to obtain a kind of "green cotton wool". This is mixed with the same amount of vegetable oil and rubbed on the affected area two or three times a day. A fresh preparation is made every day.[7] Its active ingredients include the yellow chrysophanic acid.

Its laxative effect, due to its anthraquinone content, is also well proven.

Senna alata is locally known as akapulko in the Philippines where it is used as both an ornamental and medicinal plant due to its laxative, purgative and anti-fungal properties.[8]

In Sri Lanka, known as Ath-thora (ඇත්තෝර ), it is used as an ingredient in Sinhala traditional medicine.

Images
  • S. alata in Malaysia
  • Inflorescences and foliage
  • Peetambar (S. alata) flower found in Kasta (Mitauli) of Kheri District
  • S. alata in southern Vietnam
  • S. alata leaves
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References
  1. "Senna allata". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  2. "Plant species and sites" (PDF). Government of Australia. Retrieved 1 May 2018. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. Weeds of Australia, Queensland Government, 2014-10-20, retrieved 1 May 2018
  4. Standley, Paul; Steyermark, Julian (1946). "Flora of Guatemala". Fieldiana. v.24:pt.5 (1946): 109.
  5. Standley, Paul (1937). "Flora of Costa Rica". Fieldiana. v.18:pt.2 (1937): 514.
  6. Nicolson, Dan; et al. (1991). "Flora of Dominica vol. 2". Smithsonian Contributions to Botany. no.77 (1991): 112. ISSN 0081-024X.
  7. HIRT, Dr Hans Martin, & Bindanda M'Pia (2008) Natural Medicine in the Tropics I: Foundation text. anamed, Winnenden, Germany
  8. "Akapulko / Cassia alata Linn. / RINGWORM BUSH / Yi bing jue ming / Herbal Therapy / Philippine Medicinal Herbs / Alternative Medicine in the Philippines". www.stuartxchange.org. Retrieved 1 May 2018.

Sources


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