Seán Ó hEinirí

Seán Ó hEinirí (Seán Ó hInnéirghe, 26 March 1915 – 26 July 1998), known in English as John Henry, was an Irish seanchaí and a native of Cill Ghallagáin, County Mayo. He is believed to have been the last known monolingual Irish speaker.

Seán Ó hEinirí
John Henry
Born(1915-03-26)26 March 1915
Kilgalligan, County Mayo[1]
Died26 July 1998(1998-07-26) (aged 83)
Kilgalligan, County Mayo[1]
NationalityIrish
OccupationFisherman
Known forBeing the last known monolingual Irish speaker

Background

It was estimated by Whitley Stokes that in 1800 there were around 800,000 monoglot Irish speakers. This dropped to about 320,000 by the end of the famine, and that figure was at under 17,000 in 1911.[2] Monolingual speakers remained in the 1950s, but by the 80s and 90s they had all but disappeared. It is now believed that Séan Ó hEinirí was the last monolingual speaker of Irish.[3]

Life

Ó hEinirí was born in Cill Ghallagáin (Kilgalligan), County Mayo, to Michael Henry and Mary (Connolly).[1] He was from an early age determined to collect as many ancient legends and traditional stories as he could.[4] He was a currach-using fisherman, and a skilled rower.[5]

He became known as a talented seanchaí, and Proinnsias de Búrca collected from him in the days of the Irish Folklore Commission (1935-1971). In later years, he was recorded by Dr. Séamas Ó Catháin of the Department of Irish Folklore from 1975 for more than ten summers. A great deal of this work was published in "Scéalta Chois Cladaigh" ('Stories of Sea and Shore') in 1983 by the Folklore of Ireland Council (Comhairle Bhéaloideas Éireann).[6] Ó hEinirí also provided a large number of words and expressions to the lexicographer Tomás de Bhaldraithe, who incorporated these into his influential English-Irish Dictionary, published in 1959.[5] In addition to this, he gave over 800 minor place-names to Patrick O'Flanagan of the Folklore Commission for the 1974 book The Living Landscape, Kilgalligan, Erris.

Ó hEinirí was filmed for the 6-part BBC documentary In Search of the Trojan War, which was broadcast in 1985. According to the documentary, he was illiterate.[5] He also featured on a Morning Ireland report broadcast on 25 July that year.[7]

In 1986 Ó hEinirí featured in an episode of the Emmy-award winning series The Story of English, also produced by the BBC. He remained in the village of Cill Ghallagáin, where he was known as a seanfhondúir ('old-timer, original inhabitant'). He died on 26 July 1998 and was survived by his wife, Máire (who died in 2001). He is buried in Kilgalligan Cemetery.[8]

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References
  1. "Irish Genealogy". civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie.
  3. "Irish language in County Mayo". Irish language in County Mayo. Retrieved 2017-04-24.
  4. Interview from the 1985 BBC documentary In Search of the Trojan War
  5. Ó Catháin, Séamas (24 April 1998). "Seán Ó hEinirí (1915-1998)". Béaloideas. 66: 235–237. JSTOR 20522503.
  6. "[Seanchaí, Seán Ó hEinirí (John Henry) (70), Kilgalligan, Erris, Co. Mayo.] - UCD Digital Library". Digital.ucd.ie. Retrieved 2017-04-24.
  7. "RTÉ Archives | Arts and Culture | Irish Storytelling Project". Rte.ie. Retrieved 2017-04-24.
  8. "Indexed Photos of Headstones in Kilgalligan Cemetery, Kilcommon, Co. Mayo, Ireland". Goldenlangan.com. Retrieved 2017-04-24.
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