Santa Maria, Roses

Santa Maria de Roses is a ruined Benedictine monastery in the municipality of Roses, Alt Empordà comarca, Catalonia, Spain. It is situated within the Ciutadella de Roses, a fortification in the Province of Girona. It is the earliest known example of Lombard architectural style in the country.[1]

Santa Maria de Roses

History

The origin of this monastery is in a church, Santa Maria de Rodes, belonging to the Monastery of Sant Pere de Rodes. The monastic activity was affected repeatedly by attacks from Saracen pirates. In 960, the monastic community received protection Gausfred I, Count of Ampurias and Roussillon. In 976, it received fishing rights as well as shipwreck rights in local waters and for various goods. A foundation charter dates to 1022.[1] There were several subsidiaries such as Santa Maria de Pedardell and Santa Maria del Camp.

The monastery began to decline in the 15th century. In 1588, because of a plague epidemic, the monastic houses were abandoned and the monastery was looted. In 1592, by papal order, it was joined to the monastery of Santa Maria d'Amer. In 1792, it was abandoned by the monks and in 1793, Napoleon's troops destroyed the building. A restoration occurred in 1966-69.[1]

Architecture
Door
Vault

Constructed in a basilica plan, it has three naves with a transept and three apses. There is a barrel vault in the nave. Lombard decoration of the interior walls is still visible. There is a series of blind arches. They are also remnants of a cloister and some monastic buildings. A restoration project began in the late 20th century.

Abbots
NumberNamePeriod
1Llunesi960?
2Guifré976
3Sunyer976-995
4Sunifred1008
5Adalbert1020-1022
6Ponç1040
7Ecard1046
8Ramon Hug1050-1064
9Deodat1070-1083
10Adalbert1093-1095
11Bernat1109-1111
12Berenguer1117-1122
13Bernat1137-1154
14Guillem1157
15Pere1157-1167
16Gaufred1174
17Guillem de Fortià1177-1205
18Bernat1211
19Ramon de Garriga1211-1214
20Pere de Narbona1217-1228
21Ponç1228-1229
22Ramon1231
23Ponç1232-1251
24Berenguer1261-1265
25Ramon1279-1296
26Bernat1296
27Dalmau de Fortià1304-1318
28Jaume de Guixà1320-1322
29Dalmau de Tresvalls1322-1348
30Francesc Gic1348-1362
31Arnau1369
32Francesc de Raset1372
33Bernat1373-1381
34Guillem
35Bernat de Pontons1392-1396
36Bernat Estruc1401
37Hug de Reixac1416-1426
38Jaume1428
39Joan1444-1448
40Nicolau Desllor1472-1512
41Bernat Desllor1512-1543
42Joan Ortells1545?-1553
43Joan Caldes1553-1572
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References
  1. Collins 1998, p. 222.
Bibliography
  • Collins, Roger (1998). Spain: An Oxford Archaeological Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-285300-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • J. Badia i Homs, L'arquitectura medieval a l'Empordà, 2a ed., 2 vols., Girona, Diputació Provincial de Girona, 1985, vol. II-B, pp. 224–236, 246-247, 253-257 [il.], 605 i 607-612.
  • G. Barraquer i Roviralta, Las casas de religosos en Cataluña durante el primer tercio del siglo XIX, 2 vols., Barcelona, Impr. F. J. Altés, 1906, vol. 1, pp. 72–76.
  • Catalunya Romànica, 27 vols., Barcelona, Enciclopèdia Catalana, 1984-1998, vol. 9.
  • J. M. Marquès i Planagumà, El cartoral de Santa Maria de Roses (segles X-XIII), Barcelona, Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 1986.
  • F. Monsalvatje i Fossas, Los monasterios de la diócesis gerundense: rectificación á los abaciologios publicados por Jaime Villanueva en su Viaje literario á las iglesias de España, dins Noticias históricas, vol. 14, Olot, Impr. J. Bonet, 1904, pp. 53–67.
  • M. Oliva Prat, Arquitectura románica ampurdanesa. Santa María de Roses (Gerona): su obra de restauración, primeros trabajos, Revista de Gerona, 61 (1972) i 63 (1973).
  • Hug Palou i Miquel, El temple de Santa Maria de Roses: noves aportacions als primers documents, Annals de l'Institut d'Estudis Empordanesos, 24 (1991), 31-54.
  • M. Pujol i Hamelink, La vila de Roses (segles XIV-XVI): aproximació a l'urbanisme, la societat i l'economia a partir dels capbreus del monestir de Santa Maria de Roses (1304-1565), Figueres, Brau, 1997.
  • Jaume Villanueva, Viage literario a las iglesias de España, vol. 14, Madrid, Real Academia de la Historia, 1850, pp. 233–239.
  • E. Zaragoza Pascual, Catàleg dels monestirs catalans, Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 1997, pp. 195–196.

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