Sam Spiegel

Samuel P. Spiegel (November 11, 1901 – December 31, 1985) was an American independent film producer born in Polish speaking part of Austria-Hungary. Financially responsible for some of the most critically acclaimed motion pictures of the twentieth century, Spiegel's films won the Academy Award for Best Picture three times, a Hollywood first for a sole independent producer.[2]

For other people named Sam Spiegel, see Sam Spiegel (disambiguation).
Sam Spiegel
Born
Samuel P. Spiegel

November 11, 1901
Jarosław, Austria-Hungary
DiedDecember 31, 1985(1985-12-31) (aged 84)
Saint Martin[1]
Alma materUniversity of Vienna
Occupationfilm producer
Years active1927–1983
Notable work
On the Waterfront, The Bridge on the River Kwai, Lawrence of Arabia
Spouse(s)Betty Benson Spiegel (m. 1958–1985, his death)
Lynn Baggett (m. 1948; divorce 1955)
Rachel Agranovich (m. 1920)
ChildrenAlyssa Freedman, Adam Spiegel[1]
AwardsIrving Thalberg Memorial Award

Early life

Spiegel was born to a Jewish family[3] in Jarosław, Galicia, Austria-Hungary (until 1772 in Polish Crown, now in Poland). His parents were Regina and Simon Spiegel, a tobacco wholesaler.[4] He received his education at the University of Vienna. His brother was Shalom Spiegel, a professor of medieval Hebrew poetry.

Career

Spiegel worked briefly in Hollywood in 1927 following a stint serving with Hashomer Hatzair in Palestine. He then went to Berlin to produce German and French adaptations of Universal films until 1933 when he fled Germany. As an independent producer, Spiegel helped produce a number of European films.

In 1938, he emigrated to Mexico and subsequently the United States.

Between 1935 and 1954, Spiegel billed himself as S. P. Eagle; after that he used his real name. His nickname was the "velvet octopus" after his propensity to entwine himself with women in the back of taxis and manage Hollywood with a velvet touch according to Billy Wilder. He loved London and admired the British, as is reflected in his films The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) and Lawrence of Arabia (1962), both of which won seven Academy Awards including Best Picture. Starting with the 1951 film The African Queen, he produced films through his British-based production company Horizon Pictures.

In a review in Variety of a Natasha Fraser-Cavassoni's biography of Spiegel, Wendy Smith notes: "It's all here: the sleazy financial maneuvers and creepy taste for underage girls that make Spiegel a decidedly flawed protagonist, as well as the wit, sophistication, and Old World charm that make him a titanic figure the likes of which the movie industry will not see again"[5]

Awards

Spiegel won the Academy Award for Best Picture for Elia Kazan's On the Waterfront and a further two times for his two collaborations with British director David Lean, The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) and Lawrence of Arabia (1962). In 1963, he was awarded the Irving Thalberg Memorial Award at that year's Academy Awards for his many contributions to cinema.

Sexual misconduct allegations

American actress Theresa Russell alleged that she was sexually propositioned by Spiegel during her first casting session for his 1976 film The Last Tycoon.[6] In another interview, Russell recalled: "I was 16 years old and still living at home, and he took me to the Bistro and tried to stick his tongue down my throat."[7] After she refused to sign a contract with Spiegel, Russell "was completely left out of the publicity for [The Last Tycoon]", and Spiegel threatened that he would prevent Russell from working again in Hollywood.[7][8]

Personal life

Spiegel maintained a connection with Israel throughout his life, particularly with such personalities as Golda Meir, Ariel Sharon, Jerusalem Foundation president Ruth Cheshin (mother of Mishael Cheshin), and his close friend, then Jerusalem Mayor Teddy Kollek. Spiegel also contributed to various Zionist causes. He spoke eight languages fluently: English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Polish, Hebrew and Yiddish.[9][10]

Legacy
Relatives of Sam Spiegel with the sign that marks the lane named after him in Jerusalem

Spiegel's heirs and the administrators of his estate, son Adam Spiegel, daughter Alisa Freedman, niece Judge Raya Dreben, and Adv. David Bottoms, decided to transfer Spiegel's impressive art collection to the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. Since 1996, they have made an annual contribution, through the Jerusalem Foundation, to the film school in Jerusalem bearing his name since that time – the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem. This annual contribution is the largest in the history of Israeli cinema.

In 2005, the 15th anniversary of the establishment of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, the Jerusalem Municipality complied with a request from the school's founder-director Renen Schorr to mark the occasion by declaring the lane in the Talpiot industrial section where the school is located "The Sam Spiegel Alley." The street sign's inscription: "Sam Spiegel – Jewish-American Film Producer and Oscar-winner. Pioneer. Lover of Zion."

Filmography - producer
  1. Invisible Opponent (1933)
  2. The Oil Sharks (1933)
  3. Mariage à responsabilité limitée (1933)
  4. The Invader (1935) (co-producer)
  5. Derrière la façade (1939)
  6. Tales of Manhattan (1942) (as S. P. Eagle)
  7. The Stranger (1946) (as S.P. Eagle)
  8. We Were Strangers (1949) (as S.P. Eagle)
  9. When I Grow Up (1951) (as S.P. Eagle)
  10. The Prowler (1951) (as S.P. Eagle)
  11. The African Queen (1951) (as S. P. Eagle)
  12. Melba (1953)
  13. On the Waterfront (1954)
  14. The Strange One (1957)
  15. The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957)
  16. Suddenly, Last Summer (1959)
  17. Lawrence of Arabia (1962)
  18. The Chase (1966)
  19. The Night of the Generals (1967)
  20. The Happening (1967)
  21. Nicholas and Alexandra (1971)
  22. The Last Tycoon (1976)
  23. Betrayal (1983)
gollark: It's not very efficient.
gollark: Then they'll be even WORSE slaves and you'll need so much honey.
gollark: This is obviously not ideal as healthier slaves can work more.
gollark: > One hundred grams of honey provides about 1,270 kJ (304 kcal) of energy with no significant amounts of essential nutrients.[8] Composed of 17% water and 82% carbohydrates, honey has low content of fat, dietary fiber, and protein.
gollark: Isn't honey basically just orange sugary stuff?

References
  1. Krebs, Albin (January 1, 1986). "Sam Spiegel, Producer, Is Dead at 84". New York Times. p. 48. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  2. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2014-02-09.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. Erens, Patricia (1998). The Jew in American Cinema. Indiana University Press. p. 392. ISBN 978-0-253-20493-6.
  4. Jackson, Kenneth (1998). The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives: 1981-1985. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 752. ISBN 9780684804927.
  5. Smith, Wendy (2003-04-13). "Review: 'Sam Spiegel'". Variety. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
  6. Wasson, Sam (22 June 2011). "A Conversation with Theresa Russell". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
  7. Ebert, Roger (21 September 1988). "Interview with Theresa Russell". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  8. Smith, Giles (6 June 1995). "Mistress of the disturbed". The Independent. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  9. Sam Spiegel appearance on What's My Line?, episode 818. Originally aired January 30, 1966 on CBS. Viewed on October 3, 2007.
  10. Fraser-Cavassoni, Natasha (2003). Sam Spiegel. New York: Simon and Schuster. pp. 23, 67. ISBN 9780684836195. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
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