Salamander of Leith

Salamander was a warship of the 16th-century Royal Scots Navy. She was a wedding present from Francis I of France to James V of Scotland.

For other ships with the same name, see Salamander (ship).

The galleass Salamander, in the Anthony Roll
History
Scotland
Name: Salamander
Builder: French
Laid down: Unknown
Launched: Unknown
Acquired: 1537
In service: 1537
Out of service: 1544
Captured: 1544
Fate: Unknown
Notes: Used against Scotland in 1547 by England.
General characteristics
Class and type: Warship
Tons burthen: 300 tons
Propulsion: Sails
Complement: 220
Armament:
  • 10 or more cannon
  • 22 cross-bows
  • 9 handguns

Flagship of Scotland

Henry Ray saw James V and Madeleine of Valois arrive at Leith on 19 May 1537, noting four great Scottish ships and ten French.[1] Two French ships remained in Scotland as wedding presents; the Salamander and the Morischer, Moriset or Great Unicorn.[2] A list of French wedding gifts includes these two as 'great ships for the wars', with two further 'gallant ships of war.'[3] The ship was repaired or finished in France in March 1537, and James V gave gifts to workmen who set up a new mast at Honfleur.[4]

After a major refit by John Barton, the Salamander returned to France in May 1538 to pick up the new queen, Mary of Guise, accompanied by the Moriset, and Mary Willoughby.[5] New costumes were bought for 4 trumpeters, 4 drummers, and 3 whistlers for the Scottish fleet.[6]

The Salamander became the king's flagship. In 1538 it was equipped with a new compass and four clocks.[7] The Great Lion and the Salamander were fitted with 15 large wheeled guns and 10 smaller wheeled guns in May 1540. The 22 crossbows of the Salamander and 9 small hagbut guns used on the tops were inspected and repaired, and two and half fothers of lead bought for ballast.[8] Next month, James V embarked on the newly equipped Salamander at Leith, after first making his will on 12 June,[9] and accompanied by the Mary Willoughby, the Great Unicorn, the Little Unicorn, the Lion and twelve other ships sailed to Kirkwall on Orkney. Then he went to Lewis on the West. James's fleet in the West was provisioned from Dumbarton, Ayr and Irvine and returned to Edinburgh by 6 July.[10] John Barton sailed to Dieppe with the Great Lion and Salamander in June 1541, and had their 27 guns cleaned and the latter ship re-rigged.[11]

During 1542, the Mary Willoughby, the Lion, and the Salamander attacked merchants and fishermen off Whitby under the command of John Barton, son of Robert Barton, the 'Skipper from Leith'.[12] In December 1542, the Mary Willoughby, the Salamander and the Lion blockaded a London merchant ship called the Antony of Bruges in a creek on the coast of Brittany near 'Poldavy Haven.'[13]

In the English Navy

The Salamander and the Scottish-built Unicorn were captured at Leith and used as transport for the return journey of a part of Lord Hertford's land army on 14 May 1544, after the burning of Edinburgh, with ballast of 80,000 Scottish iron cannon-shot.[14] With 200 crew and 20 gunners, her armament in the English fleet listed on 1 January 1548 consisted of: 2 brass culverins; 3 brass demi-culverins; 4 sakers; 7 iron port pieces; 3 iron fowlers; 2 iron quarter slings; 17 iron double bases; and 11 hand guns. There were 140 yew bows; 90 bills; and 70 moorish pikes.[15] The Salamander carried roughly half the armament of Henry VIII's flagship the Mary Rose.

The Salamander, listed in the English fleet as 300 tons with 220 men, and called a galleas in the Anthony Roll, and the Unicorn, returned to Scotland in Edward Clinton's invasion fleet of August 1547, and presumably contributed to the naval bombardment at the Battle of Pinkie.[16] She may have been destroyed as late as 1574.[17]

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References
  1. State Papers Henry VIII, vol. 5 part 4 cont., (1836), 79, Clifford to Henry VIII.
  2. Lindsay of Pitscottie, Robert, Chronicles of Scotland, vol. 2, Edinburgh (1814), 372.
  3. Guthrie, William, History of Scotland, vol. 5 (1767), p. 166 citing the list in Balfour's annals.
  4. Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, p. 1905), 463.
  5. Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), pp. 182-184: Thomas, Andrea, Princelie Majestie (John Donald: Edinburgh, 2005), pp. 158-159.
  6. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1905), pp. 399-402.
  7. Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland, vol. 8, 159.
  8. Accounts of the High Treasurer of Scotland, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), pp. 353, 356, 421
  9. Historical Manuscripts Commission, Earl of Mar & Kellie at Alloa House, (1904), 15.
  10. Cameron, Jamie, James V (Tuckwell: East Linton, 1998), 245-248.
  11. Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 465.
  12. Merriman, Marcus, The Rough Wooings (Tuckwell: East Linton, 2000), p. 181, citing Letters & Papers, Henry VIII, vol. 18: See also, William Stanford Reid, Skipper from Leith (University of Pennsylvania, 1962).
  13. Letters & Papers, Henry VIII, vol. 18 part 1 (London, 1901), no. 91.
  14. Stevenson, Joseph ed., The History of Mary Stewart by Claude Nau, Edinburgh (1883), pp. 318, 338-9: The Late Expedition in Scotland (London, 1544), reprinted in Tudor Tracts, London (1903) pp. 41, 44.
  15. Starkey, David, ed., The Inventory of Henry VIII, vol. 1 (Society of Antiquaries, 1998), pp. 145, 151.
  16. Calendar of State Papers Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 12-13: Patten, William, The Expedition into Scotland 1547 (London, 1548), 1st table 'Y', notes 'our galley' off the battlefield.
  17. Correspondance Diplomatique De Bertrand De Salignac De La Mothe Fenelon, vol. 6 (1840), p. 93
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