SS Shuntien (1934)

SS Shuntien was a 3,059 GRT[1] coastal[7] passenger and cargo liner of the British-owned The China Navigation Company Ltd (CNC). She was built in Hong Kong in 1934 and sunk by enemy action in the Mediterranean Sea with great loss of life in 1941. A Royal Navy corvette rescued most of Shuntien's survivors, but a few hours later the corvette too was sunk and no-one survived.

SS Shuntien in civilian service, 1934–41 The icebreaker shape of her bow is clearly visible Photograph reproduced courtesy of WikiSwire
History
Hong Kong
Name:	Shuntien
Namesake:	Shuntian, a Ming Dynasty name for Beijing
Owner:	China Navigation Co, Ltd[1][2]
Operator:	John Swire & Sons, Ltd
Port of registry:	London[1]
Route:	Shanghai – Tianjin coastal service[3]
Builder:	Taikoo Dockyard & Engineering Co[1][4]
Yard number:	264[5]
Completed:	1934[1]
In service:	1934
Out of service:	23 December 1941[6]
Identification:	UK official number 154092[1] call sign GWSC[1]
Fate:	Sunk by torpedo[5][6]
General characteristics
Type:	Passenger and cargo liner[3]
Tonnage:	3,059 GRT[1] 2,194 tonnage under deck[1] 1,570 NRT[1]
Length:	303.7 ft (92.6 m)[1]
Beam:	46.1 ft (14.1 m)[1]
Depth:	23.1 ft (7.0 m)[1]
Installed power:	3,400 shp[5]
Propulsion:	Twin steam turbines;[1][4] single reduction geared to drive a single screw[4]
Speed:	12 knots (22 km/h)[4][5] or 16 knots (30 km/h)[3]
Capacity:	(in civilian service): 39 saloon 20 cabin 52 2nd class 60 3rd class[3]
Crew:	70 crew, plus (in WW2) 18 DEMS gunners[5][3]
Sensors and processing systems:	direction finding[1]
Armament:	(as DEMS) 1 × QF 12 pounder gun 4 × Oerlikon 20 mm cannon 4 × Marlin M1895/14 machine guns 2 × Lewis guns[3]
Notes:	sister ship: Shengking[3]

Peacetime service

Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company in Hong Kong built Shuntien for CNC in 1934.[4][6] She replaced an earlier and smaller SS Shuntien that Scotts at Greenock on the Firth of Clyde had built in 1904 and that was scrapped in 1935.[4][8] The new Shuntien was a sister ship of SS Shengking, which Scotts had built in 1931.[4][9] Both Taikoo Dockyard and CNC were owned by John Swire and Sons Ltd, which is British-owned but based in Hong Kong.[10]

The new Shuntien's engines were steam turbines built by Taikoo Dockyard.[1] She was built to trade along the coast of China, where her relatively shallow draught enabled her to turn in the Hai River at Tianjin and her icebreaker bow equipped her against sea ice in northern waters.[3]

In 1937 Shuntien returned to Taikoo Dockyard for maintenance, and while she was there the Great Hong Kong Typhoon of 1937 blew her ashore.[4] She survived, was refloated and returned to service.[3]

War service and sinking

Approximate position of Shuntien's wreck: just off the coast of Cyrenaica east of Tobruk

In the Second World War the British government requisitioned Shuntien and converted her into a Defensively-Equipped Merchant Ship (DEMS).[3] Photographs of Shuntien taken about that time by a US photographer, Harrison Forman, show Shuntien in the Port of Shanghai apparently being converted into a prison ship. Shuntien moved to the Mediterranean, where her British officers supplemented her Chinese crew with Arab and Maltese recruits.[11]

In the Western Desert Campaign in December 1941 Shuntien left Tobruk in Cyrenaica, eastern Libya as a member of Convoy TA 5 bound for Alexandria in Egypt. She was carrying between 800 and 1,000 Italian and German prisoners of war,[4][12][13] guarded by more than 40 soldiers of the Durham Light Infantry (DLI).[14]

At about 1902 hrs on the evening of 23 December the Type VIIC German submarine U-559 torpedoed Shuntien,[11] blowing off her stern[3] and killing her captain, four officers and chief steward.[4][13] Her bow rose in the air and she sank within five minutes without having been able to launch any of her lifeboats.[3]

A convoy escort, the Flower-class corvette HMS Salvia, rescued Shuntien's Master, William Shinn, 46 of the ship's officers and men and an unknown number of her prisoners, DEMS gunners and DLI guards.[15] The total number of survivors that Salvia rescued was about 100.[12][16] The Hunt-class destroyer HMS Heythrop rescued a smaller number: between 11[16] and 19.[3]

A few hours later, at about 0135 hrs on 24 December, U-568 torpedoed Salvia about 100 nautical miles (190 km) west of Alexandria.[15] The torpedo broke the corvette in two and poured burning bunker oil onto the sea; no-one survived.[15] The small party of survivors aboard Heythrop was landed at Alexandria.[3] It included only one of Shuntien's officers, Second Engineer John Hawkrigg.[3]

See also

• RMS Nova Scotia — torpedoed November 1942 while carrying Italian prisoners of war and interned civilians

References

1. Lloyd's Register, Steam Ships and Motor Ships (PDF). London: Lloyd's Register. 1937. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
2. Mercantile Navy List. London: Board of Trade. 1935. p. 422. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
3. "Shuntien II". WikiSwire. 16 January 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2013. N.b. WikiSwire is a wiki with multiple authors. Unlike Wikipedia it does not generally cite previously published sources to verify its content.
4. Haws, Duncan (2001). China Navigation Company. Pembroke: TCL Publications. p. 56. ISBN 0-946378-42-8.
5. Lettens, Jan; Vleggert, Nico (1 August 2012). "SS Shuntien (II) [+1941]". WreckSite. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
6. Helgason, Guðmundur (1995–2013). "Shuntien British Steam passenger ship". uboat.net. Guðmundur Helgason. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
7. Harnack, Edwin P (1938) [1903]. All About Ships & Shipping (7th ed.). London: Faber and Faber. p. 443.
8. Cameron, Stuart; Robinson, George. "SS Shuntien". Clyde-built Ship Database. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2013.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
9. Cameron, Stuart; Asprey, David. "TS Shengking". Clyde-built Ship Database. Archived from the original on 4 May 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2013.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
10. The archives of John Swire & Sons Ltd (including the papers of the Taikoo Dockyard and the China Navigation Company Ltd) are held at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London, http://www.soas.ac.uk/library/archives/
11. Helgason, Guðmundur (1995–2013). "Shuntien British steam passenger ship Personnel associated with this vessel". uboat.net. Guðmundur Helgason. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
12. "23 December 1941: 700 Prisoners Killed". Malta: War Diary. WordPress. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
13. Hocking, Charles (1969). Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping. p. 644 (vol 2).
14. "For those in Peril on the sea". Durham Light Infantry 1920–1946. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
15. Helgason, Guðmundur (1995–2013). "HMS Salvia (K97)". uboat.net. Guðmundur Helgason. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
16. Churchill, Michael (31 May 2005). "My Uncle Bill". WW2 People's War. BBC. Retrieved 25 April 2013.